A nonasymptotic law of iterated logarithm for robust online estimators

In this paper, we provide tight deviation bounds for M-estimators, which are valid with a prescribed probability for every sample size. M-estimators are ubiquitous in machine learning and statistical learning theory. They are used both for defining prediction strategies and for evaluating their precision. Our deviation bounds can be seen as a non-asymptotic version of the law of iterated logarithm. They are established under general assumptions such as Lipschitz continuity of the loss function and (local) curvature of the population risk. These conditions are satisfied for most examples used in machine learning, including those that are known to be robust to outliers and to heavy tailed distributions. To further highlight the scope of applicability of the obtained results, a new algorithm, with provably optimal theoretical guarantees, for the best arm identification in a stochastic multi-arm bandit setting is presented. Numerical experiments illustrating the validity of the algorithm are reported.