In this chapter, we give an introduction to symbolic artificial intelligence (AI) and discuss its relation and application to multimedia. We begin by defining what symbolic AI is, what distinguishes it from non-symbolic approaches, such as machine learning, and how it can used in the construction of advanced multimedia applications. We then introduce description logic (DL) and use it to discuss symbolic representation and reasoning. DL is the logical underpinning of OWL, the most successful family of ontology languages. After discussing DL, we present OWL and related Semantic Web technologies, such as RDF and SPARQL. We conclude the chapter by discussing a hybrid model for multimedia representation, called Hyperknowledge. Throughout the text, we make references to technologies and extensions specifically designed to solve the kinds of problems that arise in multimedia representation.
翻译:在本章中,我们介绍象征性人工智能(AI),并讨论其与多媒体的关系和应用。我们首先界定什么是象征性的AI,什么是不同于非象征性的方法,例如机器学习,以及它如何用于建立先进的多媒体应用程序。然后我们引入描述逻辑(DL),并用它来讨论象征性的表述和推理。DL是OWL最成功的本体语言大家庭的逻辑基础。在讨论DL之后,我们介绍了OWL和相关的语义网络技术,例如RDF和SPARQL。我们通过讨论多媒体代表的混合模式(称为超知识)来结束这一章。我们在整个文本中提到了专门为解决多媒体代表中出现的各种问题而设计的技术和扩展。