洞庭湖区土壤环境质量与食物安全风险预警研究

项目名称： 洞庭湖区土壤环境质量与食物安全风险预警研究

项目编号： No.40871156

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 钟来元

作者单位： 广东海洋大学

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 本研究以我国重要商品粮基地洞庭湖水稻产区湘阴县为研究对象，对土壤-作物进行同步采样测试分析，参照土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)，应用地统计学原理和克里格插值，对湘阴县稻田土壤环境质量进行了评价。结果表明湘阴县稻田土壤重金属污染最严重的是镉污染，镉重度污染面积占3.1%，中度污染占51.1%，轻度污染占45.8%；镉污染严重的区域主要是中部围湖区，东部丘陵区污染轻。探讨了土壤重金属累积与稻米重金属含量的关系，结果表明稻米Cd含量与土壤Cd含量相关性达到极显著水平，说明稻米中的Cd主要来自土壤；稻米中的Pb与土壤中Pb呈极显著负相关，说明稻米中的Pb可能主要来自大气降尘或农药而不是土壤。构建了区域食物安全风险预警模型，提出了食物质量安全风险防范措施和应急预案。为当地行政部门制定食物安全风险防范的相关政策提供科学依据，同时为促进食物安全风险预警研究提供理论借鉴。

中文关键词： 洞庭湖区；稻田土壤；重金属；食物安全；风险预警

英文摘要： The Xiangyin County in Dongting Lake Area was one of the important commodity rice production bases in China. In this study, environment quality of the paddy soils, collected from Xiangyin County, was performed according to pollution index methods, and Kriging interpolation was also used with the aim to determine the metals' spatial distribution. The Environmental Quality Standards for Soils (SEPAC, 1995) was used as the evaluation citerion. As the results shown that about 3.1%, 51.1% and 45.8%of the study area were classified as serious, moderate and slight pollution with Cd，respectively. Therefore, the soils were suggested to be mainly polluted by Cd. The spatial distribution of Cd pollution showed high contents in middle area, which were close to Dongting Lake, and low contents in east upland area. The relationship of heavy metal accumulation in the soil to rice was probed via synchronous analysis of soil-crop samples. Significant correlation was found between paddy soils and rice in the content of Cd, indicating that Cd in rice mostly came from paddy soil. Pb content in rice and in soil exhibited significant negative correlation, suggesting Pb in rice might come from atmospheric dust or pesticides but not the paddy soil. Finally, the regional food security early-warning system was established, and measures with the aim to avoid food risk imposed by soil pollution were also proposed. The results obtained in this study were meaningful to policy-making of local government and investigation of food security early warning.

英文关键词： Dongting Lake Area; paddy soil; heavy metal; food security; early-warning of risk