基于实测验证的个体受力与群体运动协同演变机理研究

项目名称： 基于实测验证的个体受力与群体运动协同演变机理研究

项目编号： No.11202004

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 朱伟

作者单位： 北京城市系统工程研究中心

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 紧急状况下的人群疏散作为一类特殊行人流现象由于易引发群死群伤的拥挤与踩踏事故成为研究热点。本项目基于观测实验从分析人群中的微观个体运动过程受力着手，重点对极高密度状况下个体所受的挤压力进行建模分析，通过实验确定个体不同伤害程度挤压力阈值范围。选取典型群体活动采用便携式压力测量仪对人群中个体挤压受力进行测量，结合视频监控录像提取选定区域内人群密度、速度等宏观运动参数，建立挤压力与密度、速度等参量经验公式并进行预测分析。引入非平衡态统计热力学熵对恐慌群体运动的本质特性进行表征。基于个体受力仿真模型及挤压力阈值对正常和恐慌状况下人群运动和行为特征进行仿真模拟，研究恐慌个体受力与群体运动参量协同演变过程。该研究不仅可用于揭示人群拥挤与踩踏事故致因机理及动力学演化规律，并对大型公共场所和大型活动举办期间高密度人群监控和预警提供技术支持。

中文关键词： 密集人群；疏散实验；踩踏；行为；疏散决策

英文摘要： Crowd evacuation during emergency as a special pedestrians flow phenomenon for the group die and injury because of crushing and trample become crowded research hot spot. The study is based on observations from the micro analysis the crowd of individual sport process to stress, key for extremely high density condition by individual modeling and analyzing the impact extrusion, determined by the experiment individual different damage degree extrusion pressure threshold value range.The representative group activity to use portable pressure measuring instrument for the crowd extrusion stress individual measurement, combined with the video surveillance video extracting selected area population density, speed, the macro movement parameters, establishes the impact extrusion and density, speed, the parameters and forecasting analysis experience formula. Introducing an equilibrium statistical thermodynamic entropy to panic group the nature of the sport characterized. Based on individual stress simulation model and extrusion pressure threshold of normal and panic situation and characteristics of the crowd movement behavior simulation, the study of individual stress and the group panic movement parameter coordination evolution process. This study not only can be used to discover the crowd and trample the accident cause mech

英文关键词： Crowd；Evacuation experiment；Trample；Behevior；Evacuation decision