大气颗粒物重金属形态分析及人群暴露指示物研究

项目名称： 大气颗粒物重金属形态分析及人群暴露指示物研究

项目编号： No.91543107

项目类型： 重大研究计划

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 苑春刚

作者单位： 华北电力大学（保定）

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 京津冀地区雾霾污染严重，亟需对细颗粒重金属毒性效应进行研究，但仅用重金属总量信息不能全面表征大气颗粒物的环境效应和危害程度。重金属毒性更取决于其存在形态和生物有效性。开展大气颗粒物重金属形态分析、生物有效性研究，探索新型人群暴露生物指示物将为诠释大气颗粒物毒性组分、毒理学机制、建立人群暴露评估方法提供更准确、更科学的参考依据，符合本重大研究计划的科学目标。. 本研究拟对颗粒物中重金属形态进行分析，深入研究不同来源颗粒物中重金属粒径、时空分布规律。采用体外模拟试验对颗粒物重金属生物有效性进行评估。借助XRD、SEM、XPS等仪器对颗粒物组分进行表征，结合形态分析和生物有效性研究结果，探讨颗粒物重金属形态、生物有效性与颗粒物组分的内在联系。通过分析大气颗粒物与暴露人群唾液重金属含量之间的相关性，探讨唾液对大气重金属污染暴露的指示作用。

中文关键词： 形态分析；重金属；颗粒物；生物指示物

英文摘要： Haze pollution is very serious in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region during recent years. It is very urgent and necessary to study the environmental health effects and exposure risks of heavy metals in fine atmospheric particulate matters. However, the environmental effects and toxicities of atmospheric particulate matters can’t be comprehensively characterized only with the total amounts of heavy metals. The toxicity of heavy metals highly depends on their speciation and bioavailability. To carry out the study on speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matters and to explore the new bioindicator for population exposure will provide more accurate and scientific references for the interpretation of toxic components, mechanism of atmospheric particles, and will also be very helpful to establish population exposure assessment methods. This proposal meets the objectives of the major research plan.. In this study, we will analyze the fractions of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matters. The fraction distribution characterization of heavy metals with particle sizes from different sources and their spatial temporal features will be studied. The in vitro physiologically based simulation extraction tests will be used to evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in particulate matters. By means of XRD, XPS and SEM, the possible components and morphology of particles can be characterized. The inherent correlations between heavy metal species and particle components will be investigated and discussed. Through analysis of the correlation between the heavy metal contents in atmospheric particulate matters and in saliva samples from the exposed populations, the feasibility of using saliva as a bioindicator for atmospheric heavy metal pollution exposure will be explored.

英文关键词： Speciation;Heavy metals;Particulate matters;Bioindicator