活性炭对固相基质中重金属稳定作用及机理研究

项目名称： 活性炭对固相基质中重金属稳定作用及机理研究

项目编号： No.51204125

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 冶金与矿业学科

项目作者： 毛磊

作者单位： 武汉科技大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 活性炭在吸附重金属之后保持稳定不至于使重金属脱附，是活性炭作为添加剂起到对固相基质中重金属稳定作用的关键。化学吸附比较稳定，不易脱附，且存在不可逆性的情况，而活性炭的表面化学性质是影响活性炭化学吸附的主要因素，因此可以利用活性炭的表面官能团、杂原子等与重金属之间的化学作用来强化吸附效果，达到活性炭对重金属的稳定作用。本研究拟以铬、铅为目标重金属污染物，通过合成具有合适孔径分布的赋氧、硫、氮等不同表面官能团活性炭，利用其具有的对重金属结合力强的化学吸附活性位对工业含铬废渣及铅污染土壤两种含重金属物系进行稳定化处理。基于活性炭的表面官能团等化学性质表征、重金属形态分析及固相基质中重金属浸出分析，结合活性炭对铬、铅吸附及脱附性能，研究活性炭表面官能团等化学性质对铬、铅的吸附效果，探讨活性炭稳定重金属的机理，以期为活性炭用于稳定重金属污染固体物系（固体废物、土壤等体系）提供技术支持和理论依据。

中文关键词： 功能化活性炭；重金属；稳定；固相基质；

英文摘要： The stability of heavy metal ions adsorbed on activated carbon is crucial for the stabilization of heavy metals in solid phase with activated carbon as additive. Chemosorption, indeed, is more stable and irreversible in some cases. Therefore, the enhancement of adsorption via the chemical interaction between the surface functional groups of activated carbon and heavy metal ions may achieve the stabilization of heavy metals considering that the surface chemistry of activated carbon is mainly responsible for the chemosorption of activated carbon. In this project, we propose to synthesize the activated carbons embedded with different surface functional groups such as O, S, N active sites which are able to bind heavy metal ions tightly for more effective stabilization of chromium slag and lead contaminated soils. To explore the mechanism of the stabilization of heavy metals with activated carbon, the effect of surface chemistry of activated carbon on the adsorption of chromium and lead ions will be investigated by the characterization of the surface functionalities of activated carbons, speciation of heavy metals, leaching of heavy metals in solids, and the adsorption and desorption of heavy metal ions on activated carbons. The ultimate goal of this research is to lay a scientific foundation and to provide a technic

英文关键词： Functional activated carbon；Heavy metal；Stabilization/immobilization；Solid phase substrate；