家蚕基因组中未知转座子的注释及比较基因组学研究

项目名称： 家蚕基因组中未知转座子的注释及比较基因组学研究

项目编号： No.31471197

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张泽

作者单位： 重庆大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 转座子是一段可以从宿主基因组的一个位点移动到另一个位点的DNA片段。大量的基因组测序表明，高等生物基因组的大部分是由转座子组成的。转座子不仅对宿主基因组的进化有重要影响，而且由于转座子的重复性它们对宿主基因组的测序、组装和注释构成了挑战。我们最近对家蚕基因组中的转座子进行了系统鉴定和注释，发现737个是尚未注释的转座子家族，其中有些家族的结构特征以及编码的转座酶都不同于已报道的转座子并广泛分布于各种高等生物基因组中，暗示它们可能是一些新转座子家族。本项目将刻画家蚕基因组中未知转座子的特征；开发新转座子的全基因组鉴定和注释软件；鉴定新转座子可能有的转座活性；进行比较基因组学研究以阐明新转座子家族的分布和进化模式以及起源。研究结果不仅可以丰富转座子条目，对转座子生物学有重要意义，而且对改进高等生物基因组序列的组装和注释有广泛指导意义。

中文关键词： 转座子；注释；基因组学；家蚕

英文摘要： Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA fragments that move from one location on a genome to another. Huge amounts of genome sequencing revealed that TEs constitute a significant component of higher organism genomes. TEs not only have significant impact on the evolution of the host genome and biological complexity， but also are challenges for host genome sequencing, assembly and annotation due to their repeatability. Recently,we have performed a systematic TE identification and annotation in the silkworm genome, and the results indicated that there are 737 TE families defined as unknown TEs. Further analysis indicated that some unknown TEs are significantly different from other reported TEs in the structure and transposase, and are widespread in higher organism genomes. In this project, we will analyze characteristics of unknown silkworm TEs, develop new softwares for their genome-wide identification and annotation, identify possible transposition activity of new TEs and perform comparative genomics study to elucidate the distribution, evolutionary pattern and origin of each new TE family. The results can not only enrich TEs category, having important significance for TE biology, but also have extensive guidance significance for improving genome sequence assembly and annotation of higher organisms.

英文关键词： transposon;annotation;genomics;silkworm