微生物菌体对铝的吸附行为及其改良酸性土壤的应用潜力

项目名称： 微生物菌体对铝的吸附行为及其改良酸性土壤的应用潜力

项目编号： No.41501328

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 王超

作者单位： 中国科学院南京土壤研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 铝毒是酸性土壤生产力提高的主要限制因子，改良酸性土壤的有效途径是降低土壤溶液中活性铝的生物有效性。生物吸附法以其独特的优势，为废水处理提供了一种良好的生物修复技术，具有广阔的应用前景。虽然研究者已经利用微生物吸附剂显著降低了废水溶液中铝的浓度，但是其高效吸附机理并不清楚，而且铝的生物吸附在改良酸性土壤方面的应用潜力尚未了解。我们的前期研究结果表明，微生物菌体可显著降低酸性土壤溶液中活性铝的浓度。本项目选取细胞壁差别较大的五种微生物菌株作为实验材料，首先比较它们在铝吸附方面的差异，试图寻找具有高吸附能力的微生物种类并确定其最佳吸附条件；其次结合多种技术和分析手段，从多个角度探讨微生物高效吸附铝的作用机理；最后考察铝高效吸附菌体及相应的工业微生物废弃物对酸性土壤的实际改良效果。以此探索生物吸附法在改良酸性土壤方面的价值和应用潜力，为酸性土壤生产力的提高提供一种有效可行的生物修复方法。

中文关键词： 酸化土壤改良；土壤改良剂；土壤生产力；；吸附解吸；修复机理

英文摘要： Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major limiting factor for crop production on acidic soils. Reduction in the bioavailability of active Al in soil solution is an effective way to ameliorate acidic soil. Biosorption with its unique advantages has been considered as an efficient bioremediation strategy for treatment of wastewater containing metal ions, and shows broad application prospects. Although microbial adsorbents have been used to reduce significantly Al concentration in the wastewater, the efficient adsorption mechanism is not clear. In addition, knowledge on the potential of biosorption for the amelioration of acidic soils is still limited. Our primary results showed that microbial biomass significantly reduced the concentration of active Al in acidic soil. In this project, five microbial strains that exhibit great variations in cell wall will be used as experimental materials. We first try to identify a microbial strain with the highest adsorption capacity and its optimum adsorption conditions. Then, using a variety of technical and analytical tools, the mechanisms of efficient Al adsorption by the microbial strain will be studied. Finally, the actual effects of microbial biomass and its industrial microbiology waste on amelioration of acidic soil will be evaluated. All of these results will be taken together to explain the potential of biosorption in ameliorating acidic soil. This study will provide an effective and feasible strategy for bioremediation of acidic soils and further help to increase crop productivity on acidic soil.

英文关键词： amelioration of acidified soil ;soil conditioner;soil productivity;adsorption and desorption ;remediation mechanisms