顿悟体验的心理机制和动态神经基础

项目名称： 顿悟体验的心理机制和动态神经基础

项目编号： No.31500870

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 沈汪兵

作者单位： 河海大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 顿悟体验研究是揭示顿悟本质的重要途径。先前研究从认知角度对顿悟问题的“旧而无效解题思路如何抛弃”与“新而有效解题思路如何形成”过程进行了颇多探讨，且基本完成了顿悟认知关键脑区的功能定位，但较少从情绪角度来解析伴随顿悟过程的顿悟体验的心理实质和神经机制。该问题的解决对理清创造性顿悟中关键过程之间的关系和阐明顿悟本质都有非常重要的意义。项目拟从顿悟问题解决“新旧交替”的动态视角，联合主观报告法、迫选法、认知行为实验和高精度认知神经科学技术等多元方法，侧重对言语类复合远距离联想问题在表征“旧的无效思路被抛弃”的尝试解题阶段和反映“新的有效联系形成”的答案闪现阶段所诱发顿悟体验的心理实质与神经基础进行研究。本项目不仅可以丰富和优化创造性顿悟问题研究的方法学路径与视角，而且能够从知情转化层面深化对创造性顿悟脑机制的认识，有可能推动创造心理学与广告学的交叉渗透，甚至可能培育出新的知识生长点。

中文关键词： 顿悟体验；创造性问题解决；思维僵局；认知重构；神经机制

英文摘要： Research on insight experience is an important way to unravel the nature of insight. Previous studies mainly based on the perspective of cognitive dynamics, had largely investigated potential processes of “how to quit old and ineffective thought methods” (aka the breaking of mental set) and “how to form new and effective thought paths” (aka the forming of novel association). Importantly, specific brain areas which participate in critical sub-processes of creative insight had been found in existing findings. However, few studies have uncovered the psychological mechanisms and neural substrates of insight experience from the perspective of emotion which accompanies the whole process of dynamic creative insight. It is of great importance to uncover the psychological and neural mechanisms of insight experience on illustrating the potential relationships among sub-processes of insight and demystifying the nature of creative insight. Therefore, under the dynamic perspective of the ‘transition from the old to the new’ on insight problem solving, this project employs multiple approaches including protocol, forced selection, cognitive behavioral measures and high resolution techniques within cognitive neuroscience, and mainly adopts the compound remote association problems to reveal psychological essentials and neural underpinnings underlying insight experience in the phase of trying to solving problems mirrored by the “how to quit old and ineffective thought methods” and the phase of solution appearance to problem reflected by the “how to form new and effective thought paths”, respectively. These works may not only enrich and optimize the research approaches and methods to illustrate the nature of creative insight, but also deepen our understandings on brain mechanisms of creative insight at the view of the interaction between cognition and emotion, likely improved the cross-penetration of both creative psychology and advertising science and even might foster brand new knowledge growth point.

英文关键词： insight experience;creative problem solving;thinking impasse;cognitive restructuring;neural mechanism