极危特有种-莽山原矛头蝮多尺度生境选择机制

项目名称： 极危特有种-莽山原矛头蝮多尺度生境选择机制

项目编号： No.31472021

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 动物学

项目作者： 杨道德

作者单位： 中南林业科技大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 生境选择研究一直是动物生态学重要的主题，对了解动物与生境的关系、更好地保护和管理野生动物种群及其生境具有重要的意义。我国对兽类和鸟类的生境选择研究较多，但对两栖爬行类生境选择研究较少，特别是蛇类极少。莽山原矛头蝮（莽山烙铁头蛇）(Protobothrops mangshanensis)为我国特有的珍稀极危大型毒蛇，亟需保护。经申请人长达9年的实地调查发现，该蛇具有分布窄、数量少、分布海拔较高、白天喜树栖、受人为干扰大等特点，但生境选择的喜好因素不明。本项目拟采用样方法、无线电跟踪法、红外线相机监测法等结合3S技术，从微生境、家域、景观等空间尺度和日、季、年等时间尺度来系统地比较研究莽山原矛头蝮的生境特征和生境选择生态影响因子，多时空尺度结合探讨该蛇的生境选择机制和濒危原因，以便填补我国珍稀濒危蛇类生境选择研究的空白，促进我国珍稀濒危蛇类的就地保护管理和指导我国蛇类生境选择研究。

中文关键词： 莽山原矛头蝮（莽山烙铁头蛇）；生境选择；濒危种；野生动物保护；多尺度分析

英文摘要： Habitat selection study is an important theme in animal ecology. It has very important significance for helping us understand the relationships between animals and their habitats, betterly protect the suitable habitats of wild animals and improve the biodiversity conservation. Now habitat selection studies are less in amphibians and reptiles than in mammals and birds in China, especially in snakes. Mangshan pitvipers (Protobothrops mangshanensis) is the largest and most endangered pit vipers in China,belonging to the Appendix II of CITES,it has some characteristics such as the very narrow distribution,very few population,unknown habitat preference,unknown endangered reason,higher altitude distribution,and serious human disturbance according to our nine year survey in Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve. The goal of this study is to elucidate the habitat selection of Mangshan pitvipers from three different spatial scales (microhabitat,home range,and landscape)and three different time scales (day,season, and year) by use of the radio tracking and infrared camera monitoring methods and 3S technology,and to probe into the habitat selection mechanism and the endangered reason of Mangshan pitvipers by combining muitiscale comparative analysis. The results of the study will enrich the knowledge on spatial ecology and behavior ecology of Mangshan pitvipers and provide some practical guidance for the conservaiton on the population and the habitat of rare and endangered wild snakes in China.

英文关键词： Mangshan pitviper;Habitat selection;Endangered species;Wildlife conservation;Multiscale anlysis