基于BIM的建筑生命周期环境与经济评价及优化设计方法研究

项目名称： 基于BIM的建筑生命周期环境与经济评价及优化设计方法研究

项目编号： No.51478294

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 杨崴

作者单位： 天津大学

项目金额： 78万元

中文摘要： 生命周期评价(LCA)与生命周期成本(LCC)是支持可持续建筑评价的重要方法。传统的建筑LCA需要从二维CAD提取数据，过程繁琐，难以支持设计优化。BIM整合3D模型与各类属性信息，能够支持建筑生命周期各阶段的信息反馈和共享。但是目前的研究未能充分发挥BIM的数据库编辑、计算和参数优化功能；对与时间有关的动态参数考虑较少；对不同阶段的评价目标考虑不足。 本研究拟建立基于BIM的建筑生命周期环境与经济评价模型(BIM－LCA/LCC)，实现统一信息节点支持下的动态评价。扩展建筑信息模型的构件数据库，加入 LCI、成本和时间参数；整合与BIM兼容的能耗模拟工具，利用BIM用户编程界面（Revit API）建立LCA和LCC分析模型；通过敏感度分析确定关键参数，实现基于LCA/LCC分析结果的设计参数优化。模型考虑对时间敏感的参数的不确定性，支持建筑生命周期不同阶段的分析、评价和决策优化。

中文关键词： 建筑信息模型；生命周期评价；生命周期成本；信息交互；优化设计

英文摘要： Life cycle assessment(LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) are important methods for building sustainability evaluation. Traditional building LCA needs to extract data from 2D CAD drawing, which is time-consuming and makes it difficult to support optimisation in the designing process. Building Information Model (BIM) integrates multiple properties with 3D model which enables it to support information sharing and feedback during the building life cycle stages. However, current studies didn't make full use of the parameter database and the computational functions of BIM. Most of the BIM-LCA studies didn't pay enough attention to the dynamic of the time-related parameters and different objectives of evaluation for each life cycle stage of building. This study aims to build an integrated model combining BIM, LCA and LCC mothods (BIM-LCA/LCC), in order to enable dynamic evaluation supported by unified information node. First, the family database of BIM is extended to include LCI, cost and time-related parameters. Then the energy simulation tool with interoperability with BIM is integrated with the LCA and LCC model built-in BIM through Application Programming Interface. The model is tested by analysing typical residential buildings in northeast China. Key parameters for life cycle impacts and costs are identified through sensitivity study to support optimisation process based on LCA and LCC results. The model takes the uncertainty of the time-related parameters in to account, and it can suppot the assessment and optimisation process of each life cycle stage of building.

英文关键词： BIM;LCA;LCC;information interoperability;designing optimisation