基于GIS的数字矿山压力及岩层运动集成建模环境研究

项目名称： 基于GIS的数字矿山压力及岩层运动集成建模环境研究

项目编号： No.50874021

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 赵晓东

作者单位： 大连大学

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 矿山压力是由煤层采出后围岩的运动和应力场的变化而产生的作用力，其显现的规律受到采前地质参数（如顶板岩层性质、煤层厚度和煤层倾角等）和采动参数（如工作面长度、推进速度和开采方法）等诸多因素的影响。本项目针对实际的工程问题，将其抽象为基于GIS的数字矿山压力及岩层运动集成建模环境的科学问题，完成了采前二维和三维相结合的地质建模、采场动态结构力学模的修正及空间构模和上覆岩层空间的GIS不可描述空间数据模型三个方面理论模型建立及相关算法的研究。同时，结合三维物理相似模拟的实验数据和现场的实测数据，具体给出了梯形载荷下采场支架围岩结构的基本顶初次来压和周期计算公式、大采高条件下采场顶板及支架合理承载的计算公式、以及采场上覆岩层破坏空间分布的计算方法。这些模型的建立和GIS下的空间数据模型有机地联系在一起，初步形成了基于GIS研究矿山压力及岩层运动问题的框架。该类问题的深入研究对有效地控制顶板、防止瓦斯和透水等灾害的发生以及地面沉陷的预测与控制提供了科学的依据和现代化的可靠手段。

中文关键词： GIS；矿山压力；建模环境；空间数据模型

英文摘要： Ground pressure is the force created by the surrounding rock movement and the change of the stress field when the coal seam is extracted. Its behavior is subjected to geological parameters before mining (such as the property of roof rock, the coal seam thickness, and the angle of the coal seam, etc.), mining parameters (such as the length, the speed of working face, and the mining method, etc.), and many other factors. In this study, the practical engineering problem is abstracted to a scientific issue of integrated modeling environment for GIS-based ground pressure and overlying strata movements, which three aspects of the theoretical model construction and the corresponding algorithms, i.e. the geological modeling of two-and-three-dimensional combination, modification of structural mechanical model and its spatial modeling, and the GIS non-descriptive data model for the overlying strata movement, were conducted. Consequently, the formula of the first weighting and periodic weighting of main roof in the structure of support and surrounding rock with a trapezoidal load, the formula of reasonable support resistance with large mining height, and the method to calculate the distribution of the overlying strata failure, are given with the experimental data of three-dimension physical simulation and the in-situ measured data. All these results link GIS spatial data models together with the mechanical model, creating a primary framework of GIS-based study on ground pressure and rock strata movement. Such problems studied in this project provides a scientific basis and reliable ways to effectively control the roof of working face, to prevent methane outburst, water inrushes and floods, and other fatal accidents as well as mining subsidence prediction and control.

英文关键词： GIS; Ground pressure; Modelling evironment; Spatial data model