新疆野苹果种下类型分类及其近缘栽培种演化关系研究

项目名称： 新疆野苹果种下类型分类及其近缘栽培种演化关系研究

项目编号： No.31200505

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 林学

项目作者： 秦伟

作者单位： 新疆农业大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 新疆野生苹果是第三纪残遗植物，已被列为中国优先保护物种名录和国家具有生物多样性国际意义的优先保护物种和中国濒危二级、三级重点保护植物。但由于近年来的人类活动和自然灾害，导致其分布区域锐减，优良基因处于流失的边缘，同时，新疆野生苹果近缘种杂交繁多，分类地位复杂，经典分类方法存在缺陷；新疆地方苹果栽培品种同物异名、同名异物现象很严重。本项目针对此类问题拟以新疆伊犁地区霍城、巩留和新源及塔城地区额敏、托里5 个新疆野苹果天然居群不同种下类型及新疆地方苹果品种为试材，拟采用形态学、细胞学(染色体核型分析技术)和分子生物学（AFLP、SSR）准确的对新疆野生苹果的种下类型进行分类，验证前人经典植物分类方法，探讨新疆野生苹果及其近缘栽培种亲缘演化关系及遗传多样性进行评价，旨在为科学保护和利用提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 新疆野苹果；分类；近缘种；演化；

英文摘要： Malus sieversii (Lebed.) Roem. is remnant of the tertiary species, has been listed as a conservation priority species ,the countries of the international significance of biodiversity conservation priority species and China Endangered two, three focus on protected plants. Because of the effect of human activity and natural disasters, its distribution area is sharp dropping and good genes in the loss of edge. The same time, Malus sieversii (Lebed.) Roem. related species hybridization are various ,complexity of the taxonomic status of synonym,classical series methods flawed,it is very serious that Xinjiang local appel variteties have the same name and the one plant has two or three different names. For these questions, classified of types under different species of Malus sieversii (Lebed.) Roem. will been studied in the project, Xinjiang local apple varieties and types under different species of five natural population in Huocheng, Gongliu and Xinyuan of Xinjiang Yili region, Ermin and Tuoli of Tacheng region as test materials, intend to use the morphoiogy, cytology(karyotype analysis) and molecular biology techniques(AFLP、SSR). Malus sieversii (Lebed.) Roem. and its relatives of cultivated species phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity are evaluated, designed to provide a theoretical basis for scientif

英文关键词： Malus sieversii；Classification；Cultivated species phylogenetic relationship；Relatives；