甜菜S1型雄性不育系与保持系花蕾转录组表达差异研究及花粉发育相关基因的挖掘

项目名称： 甜菜S1型雄性不育系与保持系花蕾转录组表达差异研究及花粉发育相关基因的挖掘

项目编号： No.31501360

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 代翠红

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 甜菜是我国北方地区重要的糖料作物，目前绝大多数甜菜杂交品种都是利用细胞质雄性不育材料培育而成。植物雄性不育是花发育过程中产生的雄蕊异常现象，一些关键基因的表达异常或功能缺失均能诱导雄性不育的发生，通过比较不育株和可育株的基因表达，筛选异常表达基因，进而克隆并研究其功能，对于深入了解植物雄性不育发生的分子机制具有重要意义。本课题以甜菜细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为试材，分别对早、中、晚期花蕾进行基因表达差异分析，旨在探明同一核背景下花蕾发育不同时期，甜菜同核异质CMS材料中花粉发育相关基因表达的情况，探究核质互作产生CMS的机理。构建甜菜细胞质雄性不育系cDNA文库，从文库中克隆获得花粉发育相关基因全长序列，并对这些基因进行功能验证，最终找到花粉败育关键基因，这对于认识甜菜花粉发育的分子机制具有重要意义，并可为今后甜菜不育系及其保持系的选育提供重要的理论依据，进而推动我国甜菜育种的发展。

中文关键词： 甜菜；细胞质雄性不育；花粉败育

英文摘要： Sugar beet is important sugar crop in northern China and most beet hybrids are cultivated from cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS)material. The stamens is abnormal in the cytoplasmic male sterile plant’s flower. The male sterility can be induced by abnormal expression or function missing of some key genes. It’s very important to study the molecular mechanism of plant male sterility through comparing gene expression of the maintainer sterile line and cytoplasmic male sterile plants, screening abnormal expressed genes, and cloning and studying the function of the genes.This subject intends to analyze the differences of gene expression in early, middle and late three flower buds of the cytoplasmic male sterile line and their maintainer line . The purpose is to verify the expression of pollen development related gene in different flower buds development periods and explore the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility under the same nuclear background. Cytoplasmic male sterile lines cDNA library has been constructed and pollen development related genes will be coloned from the library. The function of those genes will be analyzed and the pollen sterility key genes ultimately will be found. That will be a great help to explore the molecular mechanisms of beet pollen development and also can provide important theoretical basis for the breeding of beet CMS line and maintainer line in the future, thus promoting the development of the sugar beet breeding in China.

英文关键词： Sugar beet;cytoplasmic male sterile;Pollen abortion