秦岭森林生态系统中植物致病菌疫霉菌的分布扩散研究

项目名称： 秦岭森林生态系统中植物致病菌疫霉菌的分布扩散研究

项目编号： No.31500415

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生态学

项目作者： 李明珠

作者单位： 陕西师范大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 疫霉菌是一类可广泛引起植物疾病灾害，并且破坏力极强的重要植物病原菌。至今每年在世界范围内仍造成农林业生产巨大经济损失。我国对疫霉菌属的研究主要是针对农作物致病疫霉，对森林生态系统中存在的疫霉菌及病害研究比较匮乏。本项目拟以兼具中国南北气候及植被类型的秦岭为调查对象，研究疫霉菌在森林生态系统中的生物多样性、分布特征及扩散机制。具体内容包括：第一，通过形态学鉴定和基因测序方法，完成秦岭典型森林生态系统，即太白山（北坡）和湑水流域（南坡）中疫霉菌的鉴定、分类；第二，针对优势菌种及致病菌种，建立通过定量靶基因浓度来计算疫霉菌繁殖体数量的分子手段，研究疫霉菌在森林生态系统中的分布特征；第三，研究疫霉菌在土壤中的繁殖扩散影响因子，并揭示其在森林生态系统中的扩散规律。本研究的开展对我国疫霉菌的鉴定分类及森林微生物病害防治具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

中文关键词： 疫霉菌；鉴定；分类；分布；扩散

英文摘要： Phytophthora is a genus of plant pathogens responsible for severe damage to crops, natural vegetation and forestry worldwide. In our country, due to the serious agricultural problems caused by Phytophthora, scientists have been mainly focusing on the crop pathogenic Phytophthora species. However, studies of Phytophthora in forest ecosystems are rare. Qinling forest ecosystems play an important role in global environmental change, biodiversity protection and economic development of the people's livelihood of China. Protection of the plant resources in this area is crucial. Therefore, it is very urgent and necessary to investigate the genus Phytophthora in Qinling forest ecosystems. In this project, we plan to study the diversity, distribution and spread mechanism of Phytophthora in Qinling forest ecosystems, including 1) to identify the species and study the taxonomy of Phytophthora in two different typical forest ecosystems of Qinling, by morphological identification and DNA sequencing method; 2) to develop a new molecular method for the evaluation of Phytophthora propagule amount in soil circumstance, and then analyze the distribution of dominant species and pathogenic species; 3) to study the spread mechanism of Phytophthora in forest soils and reveal the impact factors though field simulation tests. This project is of great theoretical significance and application value in the study of genus Phytophthora and the control of forest plant disease.

英文关键词： Phytophthora;Identification;Taxonomy;Distribution;Spread