近地面臭氧和气溶胶对我国北方重要农作物的生理生态影响

项目名称： 近地面臭氧和气溶胶对我国北方重要农作物的生理生态影响

项目编号： No.31670413

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2017

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 蒋高明

作者单位： 中国科学院植物研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 随着工业化和城市化的快速发展，近地面臭氧和气溶胶污染不断加剧，已引起人类广泛关注。相对于两者对气候和人体健康影响研究，两者对植物的影响研究显得十分薄弱。尽管国内外针对臭氧对植物地上部生长发育的影响以及其生理生态响应已开展了研究，然而关于臭氧对植物根系属性的影响、气溶胶对植物的影响，以及臭氧/气溶胶对植物是否存在交互作用更是鲜见报道。本项目以我国北方主要农作物冬小麦和夏玉米为研究对象，通过开顶式同化箱模拟近地面臭氧和气溶胶浓度升高的环境，采用大田原位试验，从生理响应、籽粒产量品质等层面，解析近地面臭氧浓度/气溶胶对植物的影响以及植物的响应机制。该项目的实施可开拓作物对臭氧/气溶胶响应研究的领域，引领我国作物逆境生理生态学发展。研究成果可指导全球气候变化下的作物生产，并为国家制定保障粮食安全的政策提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 臭氧；气溶胶；小麦；玉米；生长发育

英文摘要： With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the concentration of ozone and aerosol at ground level is increasing, which has attracted more and more concern. Compared with studies on the effect of elevated ozone and aerosol on climate and human health, little is known about their impact on plants. Although there have been numerous studies on the effect of elevated ozone on the plant growth and development, few documents were reported on the effect of ozone on plant root traits, the influence of aerosol on plant, as well as whether there has interaction on plant between ozone and aerosol. In this project, we will investigate the effect of elevated ozone and aerosol on the growth and development of Triticum aestivum and Zea mays using situ field experiments. The project aims to unravel the mechanisms underlying the effects of elevated ozone and aerosol on crops by monitoring physiological responses, grain yield and quality. The project will open up new realms for investigation on crop response to elevated ozone and aerosol, and lead the development of crop stress physiological and ecology in China. The outcomes of the project will guide crop production under the background of global climate change, and provide theoretical basis for making policy to ensure the food security of our country.

英文关键词： Ozone;Aerosol;Triticum aestivum;Zea mays;Growth and development