黑颈长尾雉线粒体DNA、微卫星及MHC Ⅱ类B基因多态性研究

项目名称： 黑颈长尾雉线粒体DNA、微卫星及MHC Ⅱ类B基因多态性研究

项目编号： No.31260150

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 贝永建

作者单位： 玉林师范学院

项目金额： 49万元

中文摘要： 黑颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus humiae）是国家Ⅰ级保护的珍稀濒危雉类。广西是该物种重要栖息地之一。由于栖息地丧失、破碎化、猎杀等人类活动影响，上世纪70年代以来种群数量急剧下降。为遏制种群数量进一步下降，2003年广西岑王老山国家级自然保护区开展了再引入研究，至今该保护区已经形成了约200只的稳定种群，再引入获得了阶段性成功。然而，经过严重瓶颈效应的物种种群数量的增长并不能带来遗传多样性水平的有效提升。黑颈长尾雉的保护是在缺乏遗传背景基础上展开的，具有很大的盲目性和非科学性。本研究采用中性分子标记（线粒体DNA和微卫星）和适应性分子标记（MHC基因）对人工圈养种群、再引入种群和野生种群的遗传多样性水平及种群结构进行较全面的评估。其目的是探讨经历严重瓶颈效应后濒危物种种群复壮的可行性，并提出科学有效的保护策略和行动计划，也为我国濒危雉类的保护提供借鉴和参考。

中文关键词： 种群结构；遗传多样性；管理单元；黑颈长尾雉；

英文摘要： Mrs Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae), a near threatened species in IUCN list, inhibits fragmentizely in west-southern Guangxi province. Since 1970s, the population sizes have been declined sharply because of continuing habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and hunting under the influence of human activity. About 283 Hume's Pheasants were restocked in Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve in June 2003, to contain the number declining of pheasant. Now a stable population, with about 200 individuals, was established with stage victory. However, the population growthcan not improve effectively in genetic diversity level after bottleneck effect. To date, the protection of the pheasant does not base on genetic background, which are blindness and not exactly scientific. In the present study, we will collect samples from the three populations, captive, reestablished, and wild populations. To comprehensively focus on genetic diversity, we will use three genetic markers, mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with both non-coding regions and functional loci. The present study may determine the feasibility of the population rejuvenation experienced severe bottleneck effect, and provide scientific and effective data for the establishment and conservation methods for Syrmaticus humiae. Th

英文关键词： population structure；genetic diversity；management unit；Syrmaticus humiae；