利用RAD测序和生态位模拟技术探讨野生大豆的遗传多样性、居群遗传结构及形成原因

项目名称： 利用RAD测序和生态位模拟技术探讨野生大豆的遗传多样性、居群遗传结构及形成原因

项目编号： No.31500459

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 贺水莲

作者单位： 云南农业大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 大豆是世界上最重要的豆类粮食作物，在长期的驯化和人工选择过程中，大豆的遗传多样性大幅度降低。野生大豆是栽培大豆的野生祖先种，是大豆育种的重要种质资源,对大豆产量、病虫害的抗性、盐碱的耐性提高等具有极其重要的作用。生境的破坏使野生大豆居群持续片段化，并在某些地区濒临灭绝，因此十分必要研究野生大豆的遗传多样性、居群遗传结构及形成当前居群遗传结构的历史原因和环境因素，从而制定出野生大豆的有效保护策略。本研究将利用RAD测序技术和生态位模拟技术对野生大豆的整个分布区的代表居群，通过保护遗传学与景观遗传学相关分析手段评价野生大豆的遗传多样性、居群遗传结构、有效居群大小、居群间的基因流、古气候与地理变迁对野生大豆居群结构的影响。在此基础上深入探讨形成野生大豆当前遗传结构的主要原因，从基因水平提出野生大豆的精确保护策略。本项目的实施有助于有效保护野生大豆，并深入了解东亚草本植物的形成与演化历史。

中文关键词： 野生大豆；遗传多样性；居群遗传结构；RAD测序；生态位模拟

英文摘要： Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is the world’s most important grain legume crop, and its genetic diversity reduced greatly during long-term processes of domestication and artificial selection. Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc), the ancestor of soybean, is extremely important germplasm to enrich gene pool of soybean, and plays important roles in breeding of soybean, such as improvement of yield, resistance to pests and disease, endurance to alkali and salt. However, wild soybean resources have been severely depleted due to habitat fragmentation, even extinction in some place, so it’s necessary to study the genetic diversity, population structure and clarify ecological and historical reasons forming current genetic diversification pattern in wild soybean, and then propose conservation strategies. In this study, we will apply Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) and Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) technology, use analyses methods of conservation genetics and landscape genetics, investigate genetic diversity, population genetics, effective population size, gene flow between population and clusters, effect of paleoclimate and geographical transition to wild soybean. Basis on these results, we will discuss the formation reasons of population structure, and propose accurate conservation genetics of wild soybean. Implementation of study is meaningful for protection of wild soybean and insights into the formation and evolution history of East Asian herbs.

英文关键词： Wild soybean;Genetic diversity;Population genetics;RAD sequencing;Ecological Niche Modelling