线粒体参与线虫精子细胞活化与运动信号通路研究

项目名称： 线粒体参与线虫精子细胞活化与运动信号通路研究

项目编号： No.31301153

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 曹铮

作者单位： 中国科学院生物物理研究所

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 线粒体在哺乳动物细胞凋亡、细胞代谢调节和细胞分化等生物学过程中发挥重要作用。以精子主要蛋白为细胞骨架蛋白的线虫精子细胞具有结构简单、易于收集进行体外激活、体外细胞骨架聚合和显微镜活体观察等优点。一些生殖相关基因在线虫与哺乳动物之间高度保守。我们实验室最近发现线虫精子细胞胞外激活剂有效组分是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶TRY-5,能高效传递激活信号活化精子细胞。而目前关于线粒体参与线虫精子细胞活化及运动信号转导机制研究国内外尚未有报道。本课题前期研究发现线虫精子细胞线粒体膜电势在加胞外激活剂后明显变化,而线粒体功能抑制剂能够抑制胞外激活剂对精子细胞激活作用。在此基础上,本课题将深入分析线粒体在线虫精子活化膜泡融合和细胞骨架聚合装配过程中的重要作用，找到线粒体感受胞外激活剂TRY-5激活信号通路其他关键信号分子，包括胞内二级信使和磷酸化修饰相关激酶、磷酸酶，为阐明线虫精子细胞活化与运动机制奠定基础。

中文关键词： 线虫；精子；活化；运动；线粒体

英文摘要： Different from mammalian flagellated sperm, nematode sperm are crawling cells. Their cytoskeleton is composed of the major sperm protein (MSP), instead of conventional actin. The dynamics of MSP cytoskeleton drives sperm activation, migration, sperm-oocyte recognition and fertilization. Unlike actin, which has many accessory proteins and various functions during development such as cellular morphology maitenance, cytokinesis and cell migration, MSP provides a simplified and straightforward system for the study of cell motility. Sperm activation is a finely tuned process initiated by extracellular signals. Mitochondria play important roles in the regulation of cell death, cellular metabolism and differentiation. Nematode sperm, though transcriptionally and translationally quiescent, are highly motile cells and mitochondria are enriched in these cells. However, the singaling functions of mitochondria during nematode sperm activation and directional motility have not been investigated thus far. We found that mitochondrial membrane potential changed in the nematode sperm before and after cell activation. Inhibition of mitochondrial function blocked sperm activation triggered by extracellular activator. Based on these results, we will study the mitochondrial roles during sperm activation, especially the signal trans

英文关键词： nematode；sperm；activation；movement；mitochondra