项目名称: 水稻PTR/NRT1基因家族在氮素营养运输中生物学功能的系统研究
项目编号: No.31272240
项目类型: 面上项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 农业科学
项目作者: 张明永
作者单位: 中国科学院华南植物园
项目金额: 85万元
中文摘要: 氮素营养的吸收和运输在植物生长发育、产量形成及抗逆中发挥重要作用,提高氮利用效率是农业可持续发展的保障之一。加深对水稻含氮营养吸收、同化、运输及再循环的理解,将为农业上提高水稻氮肥利用效率、培育氮高效利用的水稻新品种提供理论指导。PTR/NRT1家族指一类寡肽或低亲和力硝酸根运输基因,水稻基因组中有84个PTR/NRT1基因,但仅2个基因进行过功能研究。本项目将利用水稻突变库和生物信息数据库等,通过转基因改变表达水平,酵母功能互补或非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达进行运输底物测试,各种营养或发育等条件下的转录分析,代谢物运输的非损伤微测等,系统研究水稻PTR/NRT1基因的生物学功能。明确PTR/NRT1基因在水稻含氮营养的吸收、运输和重新移动中的作用。获得参与水稻氮高效利用、品质形成的相关基因等。评价它们在水稻品种分子设计中的作用,或者提供分子育种一个选择指标,提供分子品种设计的中间育种材料等。
中文关键词: 水稻;硝酸根;运输体;氮;品种
英文摘要: Plant growth, productivity and seed yield depend on the efficient uptake, metabolism, and allocation of nutrients including nitrogen. Plants have evolved efficient and selective transport systems for nitrogen uptake and translocation within the plant to sustain development, growth, and finally reproduction. Development of genetic varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable agriculture. NUE can be divided into two parts, First, assimilation efficiency involves nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation and second utilization efficiency involves N remobilization. Besides uptake of inorganic nitrogen molecules such as nitrate and ammonium by specific transporters, plants also take up organic nitrogen as a nitrogen source through their corresponding transporters in the form of amino acids, small peptides and proteins. Understanding the mechanisms regulating these processes is crucial for the improvement of NUE in crop plants. Except N uptake by high affinity nitrate transporters (NRT2s), ammonium trnasporters (AMTs), and ammino acid transporters, PTR/NRT1 family contains low affinity nitrate transporters (NRT1) and di/tripeptide transporters (PTR) for nitrate or peptide uptake or translocation. NRT1s and PTRs belong to the same family. 84 NRT1/PTR homologs have been found in rice, b
英文关键词: rice;nitrate;transporter;nitrogen;variety