警觉信息素唤醒作用及其神经环路

项目名称： 警觉信息素唤醒作用及其神经环路

项目编号： No.31500853

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 邵玉峰

作者单位： 兰州大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 警觉信息素(APs)是种系生存中的重要通讯物质，供体释放的APs可向同伴传递受伤、痛苦或捕食动物来袭等危险因素信息。APs的感受器是位于鼻前庭的Grueneberg神经节(GG)， GG的纤维经鼻背投向主嗅球后部。前期研究认为睡眠期嗅觉对一般气味的刺激是不敏感的，但近期我们发现APs可唤醒非快动眼睡眠期小鼠并提出“APs激活GG神经元，经嗅球、杏仁体等中继到达觉醒相关核团引发睡眠期的唤醒作用和觉醒期的维持作用”假说。本项目拟利用APs定向、定量投递刺激，EEG/EMG记录，睡眠觉醒时相解析及脑波能谱分析，光遗传学，转基因小鼠，结合嗜神经病毒顺/逆跨突触追踪，透明脑与免疫荧光等技术手段，揭示APs对各睡眠时相的唤醒作用和觉醒维持作用的脑波特征及神经传导环路。预期结果将丰富嗅觉传递与睡眠觉醒调控理论及个体间信息交流方式。

中文关键词： 嗅觉；睡眠与觉醒；警觉信息素；光遗传学；跨突触追踪

英文摘要： Alarm pheromones (APs) are very important communicating substances in species survival, which conducts hazards, e.g. injury, distress, presence of predators, e.t.c., to the companions. Receptors of APs are located in the Grueneberg ganglion (GG) of nasal vestibule, and the axons of GG project to the posterior part of the main olfactory bulb through the dorsum of the nose. Previous studies suggested that olfaction is not sensitive to general odor, however recently our research group found that APs were able to awaken mice in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage, and we proposed a hypothesis that APs activates GG neurons, and again the signals were relayed by olfactory bulb, and amygdaloid body and other nuclei, and finally were transmitted to arousal related nuclei to awaken the sleeping mice and to maintain the arousal condition in awake mice. This study plans to use APs directional/quantitative delivery stimulation, EEG/EMG recording, resolution of sleep-wake states and EEG power analysis, optogenetics, transgenic mice, combined with anterograde or retrograde trans-synaptic tracing by neurotropic virus, clarity and immunofluorescence techniques to reveal the EEG/EMG characteristics of the arousal induced by APs in mice and the neural circuits involved. The expected results will enrich the theory of the connection between olfactory transmission and the regulation of sleep and wake, and enrich the manner of information exchange among individuals.

英文关键词： olfaction;sleep and wakefulness;alarm pheromone;optogenetics;trans-synaptic