客体相似性与个体认知方式对视觉工作记忆表征的影响

项目名称： 客体相似性与个体认知方式对视觉工作记忆表征的影响

项目编号： No.31470973

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 李寿欣

作者单位： 山东师范大学

项目金额： 53万元

中文摘要： 近些年来，客体之间的相似性对视觉工作记忆表征的影响备受研究者关注，但是关于客体相似性效应的研究结论尚存较大争议，相似性效应的产生机制仍不清楚。本项目拟采用行为实验和事件相关脑电位（ERP）技术探讨客体相似性效应的影响因素主要有哪些？客体相似性效应是如何影响视觉工作记忆表征的？重点围绕以下内容开展研究：从客体加工的不同阶段（编码、存储和提取）、客体存储的时间等进一步探讨相似性效应及其机制；客体多特征的相似性以及客体内部特征和外部特征的相似性对视觉工作记忆表征的影响；从个体差异角度探讨相似性对个体视觉工作记忆表征的影响。通过上述研究，重点解决相似性积极效应产生的原因是加工精度的提高还是加工负荷的减少，建立客体的相似性与视觉工作记忆表征之间关系的模型，并从个体差异角度为视觉工作记忆表征中客体相似性的作用机制提供新证据，为教育工作者因材施教提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 客体相似性；视觉工作记忆；认知方式；相似性效应

英文摘要： In recent years, the study of similarity effect of objects on visual working memory (VWM) representations has aroused much attention, however, there exists much controversy among the study of similarity effect. The mechanism of object similarity effect is still unclear.The present study aims to investigate the mechanism of object similarity effect on VWM by using both behavioral and the event-related potentials (ERP) technique. Four studies will be conducted: The first explores the influence of similarity effect of unique feature on VWM. The second investigates the similarity effect of a two-featured object on encoding of VWM. The third studies influence of the similarity of internal and external features on VWM. The fourth examines the object similarity effect when individuals with different cognitive styles process different VWM tasks. Study 1 includes five experiments. Experiment 1 aims to test the validity of the discrimination of object orientation features similarity in a visual search task. Experiment 2, by using a change-detection task, is to examine the influence of object orientation characteristics similarity on encoding of VWM. Experiment 3 is to analyze the influence of object orientation similarity on retrieval of VWM by using a recognition task. Experiment 4 examines the similarity effect of VWM storage. By using ERP techniques, experiment 5 is to demonstrate the mechanism of positive similarity effect. Study 2 includes five experiments. The study mainly includes two aspects: On the one hand, it tests the effect of similarity on VMW representations when the object has two basic features. On the other hand, it tests the effect of similarity on VWM representations when the object has one basic feature and a detail feature. Study 3 examines the similarity effect of object's internal and external features on VWM representations. Study 4, which aims to explore the reason of positive similarity effect, includes five experiments which are designed to investigate the influence of similarity on VWM representations of object-spatial visualizers by using behavioral and ERP techniques. Through those studies, we hope to further reveal the processing mechanism of object similarity effect on VWM, which can contribute to explain how objects are encoded, and provide new evidence for the object similarity effect on VWM from the perspective of individual difference, and build up the model of relationship between similarity and VWM representations. Knowing the individual differences of the object similarity effect on VWM can provide new evidence for mechanism of object similarity effect on VWM, and facilitate teaching students according to their cognitive styles.

英文关键词： Similarity of Object;Visual Working Memory;Cognitive Style;Similarity Effect