开挖卸荷诱致围岩失稳机理的透明模型试验研究

项目名称： 开挖卸荷诱致围岩失稳机理的透明模型试验研究

项目编号： No.51204163

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 冶金与矿业学科

项目作者： 许国安

作者单位： 中国矿业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 采用透明相似材料模型试验与理论分析相结合的方法，对开挖卸荷诱致围岩失稳机理这一地下空间工程所面临的关键科学问题进行系统研究。首先，对现有透明相似材料、三维巷道模型框架、模型加载及数据采集装置等进行改进，建立一套较完善的透明巷道模型试验系统。然后，针对两种岩性（塑性软岩和脆性硬岩）、三种埋深（300m、600m、1000m）和两种开挖方式（爆破、机械）组成的十二种工况，分别进行巷道开挖过程的三维可视化模拟，利用光学测量方法获得模型内部的应力场和变形场演化数据。最后，选用恰当的数学与力学理论对试验结果进行深入分析，建立围岩应力和变形的时空演化方程，借此揭示开挖卸荷诱致围岩失稳的演化规律并阐明其内在机理。研究成果可为岩体力学试验提供一套先进科学的新方法，为建立符合实际的岩体本构模型奠定基础，并为卸荷条件下地下空间工程的灾害防治提供科学指导。

中文关键词： 透明岩石相似材料；模型试验；开挖卸荷；演化规律；失稳机理

英文摘要： The purpose of this project is to systematically investigate the mechanism of unloading-induced rock failure during excavation by means of transparent model test and theoretical analysis, which is one of the key scientific issues in underground engineering. First, a set of improved testing system of transparent tunnel model will be founded by developing transparent simulating rock materials, three-dimension tunnel model frames, and devices of loading and data acquisition. Then, the testing system will be used to visually simulate the tunnel excavation processes under twelve kinds of conditions composed of two rock types (soft/hard), three embedding depths (300m/600m/1000m) and two excavating methods (blasting/boring), through which the evolution process of stress and deformation fields in tunnel models is to be obtained with optical measuring method. Last, the space-time evolution equations will be set up by in-depth analyzing the test results with appropriate mathematical and mechanical theories. Subsequently, the evolution law and mechanism of unloading-induced rock failure are expected to be revealed. The expectant achievements can provide a new test method for the research of rock mechanics, lay the foundation for the setup of realistic constitutive model of rocks, and provide scientific guidance for the con

英文关键词： transparent rock surrogate；model experiment；excavation-induced unloading；evolution law；failure mechanism