中国多足摇蚊属（双翅目：摇蚊科）分类修订和生物地理学研究

项目名称： 中国多足摇蚊属（双翅目：摇蚊科）分类修订和生物地理学研究

项目编号： No.31201739

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张瑞雷

作者单位： 上海海洋大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 多足摇蚊属隶属于摇蚊科摇蚊亚科摇蚊族，世界已记录种类达440种，是摇蚊科最大的属级分类单元之一，世界性分布，广布于全球各大生物地理区。其幼虫生活于各种类型的水体中，在水质的生物学评价工作中，常利用其种类敏感度和耐污染特性，反映水质的变化和污染程度。有些种类幼虫危害水稻以及其他栽培植物，影响作物产量。某些种类可在适宜的水体中大规模羽化，影响人们的生产生活。迄今，国内对本属的研究仍十分薄弱，以往工作通常只根据依据幼虫或雄成虫作出鉴定，带来许多失误，部分种类的分类地位值得怀疑，与国际同类研究相比仍有较大距离，阻碍了全球性相关研究。本研究拟全面开展中国多足摇蚊属分类修订研究，提供该属昆虫的鉴定资料；通过对全虫态标本的研究，厘清本属一些常见种类成幼虫的对应关系；对本属进行系统发育关系和动物地理学的研究，建立本属更为合理的分类系统，追溯本属起源和扩散历史规律，探讨历史生物地理分布格局。

中文关键词： 多足摇蚊属；分类修订；系统发育；生物地理学；中国

英文摘要： Polypedilum Kieffer belongs to the tribe Chironomini of the subfamily Chironominae. It is a cosmopolitan genus, occurring in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctic. About 440 species have been described so far and several more are known, but not as yet described and it is probably the most species rich of all chironomid genera. Polypedilum are most common in eutrophic waters and several species are described as being facultative in their ability to withstand polluted conditions. So the larvae of Polypedilum often are used as indicator of water quality. Some species of Polypedilum damage rice crops. Many species of the Polypedilum can emerge in massive number to cause nuisances and economic losses. So far, Polypedilum research in China is scanty and has lagged far for a long time. Further, the former identifications and classifications were often based on larvae alone or male imagine. In addition, confusion using Chinese and Latin names occurred, so different names were used for the same species. For these reasons, a relative high number of doubtful identifications and uncertain placements remain to be confirmed and corrected. The lack of Polypedilum research in China has hindered the development of related research in a global scheme. In brief, the genus Polypedilum is an important group and the research o

英文关键词： Polypedilum；Taxonomic revision；phylogeny；biogeography；China