油页岩利用过程爆炸机理及防治方法研究

项目名称： 油页岩利用过程爆炸机理及防治方法研究

项目编号： No.51474053

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 李刚

作者单位： 东北大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 我国油页岩储量丰富，合理开发油页岩资源是破解我国能源危机的重要途径之一。针对油页岩炼油和燃烧发电过程中潜在的火灾、爆炸事故风险，项目通过已有和计划研发的高温环境爆炸性测试系统，以国内4种典型的油页岩产品为代表，系统研究油页岩粉尘及油页岩杂混物的爆炸机理和特性，为生产过程风险评价和安全管理奠定实验和理论依据；再通过小型实验，研究CO2、N2对油页岩及其杂混物的惰化机理，得到防止爆炸发生的关键指标- - 极限氧浓度，从而确定油页岩生产过程的本质安全防爆方法，并在1立方米大型爆炸测试系统上对不同工艺条件下建立的本安防爆方法进行放大和验证，确保其在工业生产上应用的安全性。在前期大量爆炸性数据和防爆方法的基础上，利用风险理论建立基于数据的生产过程风险评价模型，克服了传统风险评估方法中事故统计样本少、评价人员主观随意性的缺点，对于评价油页岩利用过程爆炸事故风险、指导安全生产工作具有重要的理论意义和实用价值

中文关键词： 油页岩；粉尘爆炸；杂混物爆炸；惰化；风险评价

英文摘要： The oil shale reserves are very abundant in China. It's a key way for solving the energy problem by exploring and utilizing the oil shale resources reasonably. Aimed at the potential fire and explosion risks in the oil shale utilizing process of oil refining and combustion for power generation, the explosion mechanisms of oil shale dust and its hybrid will be investigated systematically for the selected four kinds of typical oil shale sample from different areas in China. The experiment research work will be done by the existed equipment and the one planned to develop for testing at elevated temperature. The results provide experimental and theoretical bases for the risk assessment and safety management of the oil utilizing process. Further, inertizing research of CO2、N2 on the explosions of oil shale dusts and its hybrid are to be conducted on the small scale apparatus. Based on the derived important index-limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) the inherent safety explosion protection method can be established. In order to guarantee its safety when used in industry, the suggested methods will be magnified and verified on the 1m3 large-scale explosion test system for different process conditions. Based on a large number of preliminary explosion experimental data and explosion mitigating methods, the data-based risk assessment model will be established according to risk theory. Comparing with the traditional risk assessment method, some disadvantages, such as the less accident samples and the subjectivity of assessment personnel will be overcome in this new model. This model has important theoretical and practical value for quantitative assessing the explosion risk and supervising the safety production of oil shale utilizing process.

英文关键词： oil shale;dust explosion;hybrid explosion;inertizing;risk assessment