非整倍染色体在重塑细胞稳态与原癌代谢的机制研究

项目名称： 非整倍染色体在重塑细胞稳态与原癌代谢的机制研究

项目编号： No.31471342

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 遗传学与生物信息学、细胞生物学

项目作者： 唐芸棋

作者单位： 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 癌症细胞生长分裂时容易因为染色体的不稳定性，而产生染色体分离不当的非整倍体细胞。非整倍体是一个染色体数目异常的状况，用来形容细胞内染色体的组成不是单 倍体的倍数。虽然非整倍体早已被认定为癌细胞的重要特征之一 (90%以上的肿瘤和75%以上的白血病为非整倍体)，但是对于非整倍体如何影响细胞的生理机制和细胞癌化的关系仍然有待证实。我们前期的工作利用独创的四株非整倍三体小鼠细胞观察到，仅多携带一条染色体，就能对细胞造成生长逆境，包括整体蛋白质的稳态失去平衡、代谢路径的改变和能量的需求提高等。本项目拟聚焦细胞稳态的维持、肿瘤细胞代谢路径、细胞微环境与细胞癌变等重要问题，利用特有的非整倍的细胞和小鼠模型结合高通量 化学生物、基因组测序、转录组测序及代谢组学等方式深入探索并阐述非整倍体如何改变细胞稳态与代谢的机制，并进一步鉴定其中的关键基因和信号通路与癌症发生的关系。

中文关键词： 染色体不稳定性；非整倍体；细胞稳态；肿瘤代谢；细胞癌化

英文摘要： During mitosis, cancer cells are prone to accumulate as chromosome-missegregated aneuploid states due to the genomic unstable property. Aneuploidy is an aberrant chromosome number status, for describing cells that contain chromosomes other than multiples of the haploid number. Aneuploidy has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer (greater than 90% solid tumors and 75% leukemia are aneuploidy), nevertheless, how aneuploidy influences cellular physiology and tumorigenesis awaits careful demonstration. With applying unique fibroblast cells that are trisomic for either chromosome 1, 13, 16 or 19, our earlier works have proved that even in the simplest single extra chromosome situation, aneuploidy can cause growth disadvantages to the cell. The stresses include imbalanced protein homeostasis, altered metabolic patterns and elevated energy requirements. In the proposal, we plan to focus on important questions including cellular homeostasis maintenance, oncogenic metabolism pathways, micro-environment and carcinogenesis. With our aneuploidy cells and mouse models, we will apply high-throughput Chemical Biology screen, deep sequencing for genomic and transcriptional changes, and metabolomics analysis. The collective information can help to explain how aneuploidy shapes cellular homeostasis and metabolism. Importantly, the identified key regulators and signaling pathways may have great impact to the knowledge of tumorigenesis.

英文关键词： Chromosome-instability;Aneuploidy;Homeostasis;cancer metabolism;tumorigenesis