幼儿汉语口语感知特点及神经机制

项目名称： 幼儿汉语口语感知特点及神经机制

项目编号： No.31471075

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 任桂琴

作者单位： 辽宁师范大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 口语感知是当前心理语言学的研究热点，然而以往研究大多以婴儿和成人为被试，缺乏对幼儿口语感知的研究。此外，现有口语感知模型主要是基于非声调语言研究建立起来的，对汉语并不完全适用。汉语是一种声调语言，在语音构成上不同于非声调语言。本项目将立足于汉语口语特点，以3-5岁幼儿为研究对象，考察幼儿汉语口语感知特点及神经机制。围绕口语感知的核心问题，我们将综合使用眼动方法、ERP方法和LORETA源定位技术，探讨以下问题：（1）幼儿在前注意阶段和注意阶段的听觉语音辨别特点；（2）幼儿汉语口语词汇识别过程中音段信息和超音段信息的作用；（3）幼儿汉语口语感知的神经机制。本项目研究结果将揭示幼儿汉语口语感知特点，拓展已有的研究发现，为完善现有的口语感知模型提供新的实验证据。同时，本项目研究结果还将为言语损伤儿童、阅读障碍儿童的语音加工诊断和实践训练提供理论指导。

中文关键词： 汉语；幼儿；口语感知；神经机制

英文摘要： Speech perception has long been an important issue in psycholinguistic researches. Despite the fact that a number of studies have focused on speech perception in different age groups including infants and adults, only very few of these studies were carried out in preschool-age children. There is still a large gap in terms of our understanding of how proficiency in speech perception developes between infancy and adulthood. Furthermore, most of models of speech perception have been proposed based on the researches of non-tone language and are not fit well for explaining Chinese processing. Chinese is a tone language, in which lexical tone is signaled by pitch variations and associated with spectral processing. Moreover, lexical tone is lexically contrastive and can distinguish lexical meaning just as phonemes are. Here we will investigate the Mandarin speech perception in 3- to 5- year-olds preschool children by combining the method of eye tracking, event-related potential recordings and source estimation (LORETA). In the present project, we will focus on the following issues: (1) how children discriminate Mandarin segmental and suprasegmental information at pre-attentive and attentive stages; (2) What are the roles of segmental and suprasegmental information on Mandarin spoken word recognition in preschool-age children, and whether the memory traces for words will be observed in preschoolers; (3) the neural mechanisms underlying Mandarin speech perception in preschool-age children. The investigations of this project present a valuable opportunity to extend the results from infants and adults, and will provide new experimental evidences for the current models of speech perception that built on the studies of non-tone languages.

英文关键词： Mandarin Chinese;preschool-age children;speech perception;neural mechanisms