表面硅烷修饰的SiO2气凝胶-PVB隔热复合材料的合成、表征及应用基础研究

项目名称： 表面硅烷修饰的SiO2气凝胶-PVB隔热复合材料的合成、表征及应用基础研究

项目编号： No.51302052

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 张磊

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： SiO2气凝胶是具有纳米尺寸的三维网络结构的轻质多孔材料，其独特的纳米结构，使其成为隔热性能最好的固态材料。但由于其制造成本高、力学强度低、易吸潮破坏等问题，严重制约了其实际应用。因此，针对材料结构上的不足，本课题以直链硅烷与硅酸甲酯共聚，在分子界面上改变SiO2气凝胶结构，从而形成超疏水界面，再通过硅烷化作用，PVB对气凝胶进行包覆改性等手段，进行"表面硅烷修饰的SiO2气凝胶-PVB隔热复合材料"的制备。通过力学强度、光透过率、热导率等性能测试，开展基础应用研究。建立材料制备、复合技术与结构、性质关系模型。复合材料将会兼具SiO2气凝胶极佳的热绝缘特性和PVB的高透明、高防水和高强度特性。将复合薄膜应用于节能玻璃，玻璃内表面再通过硅烷表面修饰得到的复合材料，将会在热带和高寒地区节能建筑领域具有潜在的应用价值，同时对冬季室内玻璃及汽车风挡结霜问题提出了解决方法。

中文关键词： SiO2气凝胶；隔热复合材料；常压干燥；微波置换；疏水硅烷

英文摘要： Silica aerogel is a nanostructure low density and porous material, which is the best solid insulating material due to its special stucture. However, high cost, low mechanical properties and easily destroyed by moisture absorption limit its application. So aimed at deficiencies, straight chain silane and trimethoxysilane are used to prepare flexible and water repellant silica aerogel, then the samples are modified by silanes and PVB, to get the SiO2 aerogel-PVB insulating material. The mechanical strength, light transmittance, thermal conductivity, etc. are investigated to confirm the relationship between the preparation methods and structural properties. The composites will have some best properties, such as insulating, high light transmittance, water repellant, high mechanical strength and so on. The application of composites on energy-saving glass will have potential value on energy-saving building which located at tropics or cold zone, and the composites also have applied value on frost problem of house glass and car glass in winter.

英文关键词： silica aerogel；heat insulation composite；ambient drying；microwave extraction；Hydrophobic silane