Large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved their capability in performing NLP tasks. However, deeper semantic understanding, contextual coherence, and more subtle reasoning are still difficult to obtain. The paper discusses state-of-the-art methodologies that advance LLMs with more advanced NLU techniques, such as semantic parsing, knowledge integration, and contextual reinforcement learning. We analyze the use of structured knowledge graphs, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and fine-tuning strategies that match models with human-level understanding. Furthermore, we address the incorporation of transformer-based architectures, contrastive learning, and hybrid symbolic-neural methods that address problems like hallucinations, ambiguity, and inconsistency in the factual perspectives involved in performing complex NLP tasks, such as question-answering text summarization and dialogue generation. Our findings show the importance of semantic precision for enhancing AI-driven language systems and suggest future research directions to bridge the gap between statistical language models and true natural language understanding.
翻译:大语言模型在执行自然语言处理任务方面的能力已显著提升。然而,更深层次的语义理解、上下文连贯性以及更精细的推理能力仍难以实现。本文探讨了采用更先进的自然语言理解技术来提升大语言模型的前沿方法,例如语义解析、知识整合和上下文强化学习。我们分析了结构化知识图谱、检索增强生成以及使模型匹配人类理解水平的微调策略的应用。此外,我们还讨论了基于Transformer的架构、对比学习和混合符号-神经方法的整合,这些方法解决了在执行复杂自然语言处理任务(如问答、文本摘要和对话生成)中涉及的事实视角中的幻觉、歧义和不一致性问题。我们的研究结果表明,语义精确性对于增强人工智能驱动的语言系统至关重要,并提出了弥合统计语言模型与真正自然语言理解之间差距的未来研究方向。