探究手持移动设备上负载对基于注视和触控目标获取的影响 (Investigating the Effect of Encumbrance on Gaze- and Touch-based Target Acquisition on Handheld Mobile Devices)

The potential of using gaze as an input modality in the mobile context is growing. While users often encumber themselves by carrying objects and using mobile devices while walking, the impact of encumbrance on gaze input performance remains unexplored. To investigate this, we conducted a user study (N=24) to evaluate the effect of encumbrance on the performance of 1) Gaze using Dwell time (with/without visual feedback), 2) GazeTouch (with/without visual feedback), and 3) One- or two-hand touch input. While Touch generally performed better, Gaze, especially with feedback, showed a consistent performance regardless of whether participants were encumbered or unencumbered. Participants' preferences for input modalities varied with encumbrance: they preferred Gaze when encumbered, and touch when unencumbered. Our findings enhance understanding of the effect of encumbrance on gaze input and contribute towards selecting appropriate input modalities in future mobile user interfaces to account for situational impairments.

翻译：在移动场景中使用注视作为输入方式的潜力日益增长。尽管用户经常因携带物品或行走时使用移动设备而处于负载状态，但负载对注视输入性能的影响尚未得到充分研究。为此，我们开展了一项用户研究（N=24），评估负载对以下三种输入方式性能的影响：1）基于驻留时间的注视输入（含/不含视觉反馈），2）注视-触控融合输入（含/不含视觉反馈），以及3）单手或双手触控输入。研究发现，虽然触控输入整体表现更优，但注视输入（尤其是含视觉反馈时）在用户负载与非负载状态下均保持稳定的性能表现。参与者对输入方式的偏好随负载状态变化：负载状态下更倾向注视输入，非负载状态下更偏好触控输入。本研究深化了对负载影响注视输入机制的理解，并为未来移动用户界面中适应情境性障碍的输入方式选择提供了理论依据。