仿生天空偏振光自主定位导航传感器关键技术研究

项目名称： 仿生天空偏振光自主定位导航传感器关键技术研究

项目编号： No.51505062

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 张然

作者单位： 大连理工大学

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 针对目前偏振导航系统无法实现自主地理定位的不足，本项目拟模仿动物综合利用偏振光等多源信息进行导航的奇异能力及超强偏振光敏感机理，研发一种新型仿生天空偏振光自主定位导航传感器。探索天空偏振光分布模式的时空特异性规律，基于Rayleigh散射理论，融合天空偏振光分布模式及时间等信息，建立反映多源信息与载体经纬度及航向间映射关系的天空偏振光定位导航模型；模仿昆虫超强偏振光敏感机理，采用时域有限差分方法完成传感器核心部件——仿昆虫复眼微纳偏振光敏感器件的设计，并研究结合纳米压印与微加工工艺的跨尺度制作工艺，实现仿生器件的集成制作；研究并建立仿生偏振视觉信息层次聚类模型，结合定位导航模型，实现传感器的自主实时经纬度与航向求解，最终研制出具有自主化、微型化及无累积误差等优点，能够实时确定地理位置及航向的新型仿生自主定位导航传感器。

中文关键词： 偏振导航；仿生传感器；自主定位；纳米压印

英文摘要： In order to solve the drawback of the current polarization navigation systems' inability to autonomously position, this project intends to develop a novel biomimetic polarized skylight sensor for the autonomous positioning and navigation by imitating the super-sensitive mechanism of polarized light and the amazing navigation abilities of animals based on the comprehensive utilizations of the skylight polarization and other informations. The spatial and temporal specificity of the skylignt polarization pattern will be studied. On the basis of the Rayleigh scattering theory, the Polarized SkylightNavigation and Positioning (PSNP) model reflecting the relational mapping between the multi-source informations and the latitude, longitude and direction of the carrier will be established by fusing the skylignt polarization pattern, time and other informations. By imitating the polarized light super-sensitive mechanisms of the insects' compound eyes, the polarized light sensitive micro-nano device which is the core component of the positioning and navigation sensor will be designed based on the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm. And the cross-scale fabrication process combining the nanoimprint and micro processing technologies for the biomimetic device will be studied. The Biomimetic Hierarchical Clustering Model of Polarization Visual Information (BCMPVI) will be established and the autonomy measurement of the latitude, longitude and direction will be implemented in real time based on the BCMPVI and the PSNP model. Finally, a biomimetic positioning and navigation sensor which has the advantage of the autonomy, miniaturization and no cumulative error will be developed and applied to determine the location and direction of the carrier in real-time.

英文关键词： polarization navigation;biomimetic sensor;autonomous positioning;nanoimprint