新疆天山北坡土壤变性特征与形成

项目名称： 新疆天山北坡土壤变性特征与形成

项目编号： No.41301231

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 张文太

作者单位： 新疆农业大学

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 变性土是中国土壤系统分类划分的14个土纲之一，富含膨胀性黏土矿物，质地黏重、干缩湿胀性强。目前，关于新疆是否分布有变性土尚存争议，对该区域土壤变性特征的野外调查数据也很缺乏。新疆天山北坡一带广泛分布有第三纪红色风化壳经过洪积、冲积后再沉积的次生红土母质，其上发育的土壤质地黏重，其中很可能有变性土。考虑景观和地质环境，在天山北坡不同成土环境下布设30个调查点，通过野外土壤剖面描述和室内分析土壤变性特征指标，如线性膨胀系数、黏粒含量等，按照中国土壤系统分类，美国土壤系统分类和世界土壤资源参比基础，明确调查土壤是否为变性土；同时，使用土壤微形态观察和土壤黏土矿物组成分析的方法，研究土壤变性特征的微观机理；结合母质、地形、降水量、土壤侵蚀状况等环境条件，探讨决定土壤变性特征的关键成土因素。研究结果将有助于理解新疆土壤发生过程，为建立统一土壤分类提供准备，还有望为我国干旱区荒漠化治理提供新的思路。

中文关键词： 变性土；土壤变性特征指数；蒙皂石；历史数据；统一土壤分类

英文摘要： Vertisols is one of the fourteen soil orders in Chinese soil taxonomic classification system, which contents lots of expansible clay minerals. Soil texture of Vertisols is very clay and this soil shrinks when it is dry and expends when it is wet. Currently, dispute on whether there were Vertisols in Xinjiang exists, while field survey data on soil vertic features in this region are still lacking. In northern Mount Tian area of Xinjiang, Tertiary red clay regolithes are wildly distributed, which could form red clay parent material after deluvial or alluvial process and sedimentation. Soils derived on this parent material are normally quite clay, which might be Vertisols. Considering landscape and geological environment, we plan to survey soils from thirty points with varied soil-forming factors in northern Mount Tian area. Soil profiles should be described in the field and soil vertic features indices, such as coefficient of linear extensibility and clay content, should be analyzed in the lab. Whether the surveyed soils were Vertisols could be checked using Chinese soil taxonomic classification system, US soil taxonomic classification system, and the World Reference Base for soil resources. Furthermore, micro-mechanism of soil vertic features could be studied by soil micro-morphological observation and soil miner

英文关键词： Vertisols；Index of soil vertic characteristics；Smectite；Legacy data；Universal Soil Classification