间作芳香植物对苹果黄蚜及其天敌异色瓢虫的生态调控机制

项目名称： 间作芳香植物对苹果黄蚜及其天敌异色瓢虫的生态调控机制

项目编号： No.31301736

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 宋备舟

作者单位： 北京农学院

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 芳香植物挥发性次生物质作为果园生态系统中的信息传递物质, 对害虫的生态调控起至关重要的作用。本研究以苹果园为对象，分别设置果树行间间作薄荷、孔雀草、罗勒处理区，以清耕为对照，首先，测试间作芳香植物条件下苹果黄蚜及其天敌异色瓢虫组成、空间分布和时序特征，分析苹果黄蚜、异色瓢虫与节肢动物群落的生态关系，建立苹果黄蚜与异色瓢虫分布及相互关系动态模型，确定作用显著的芳香植物种类A；其次，采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法对蚜虫取食前后苹果叶片及芳香植物A挥发性物质进行测定分析，确定芳香植物间作条件下对苹果黄蚜及异色瓢虫有调控作用的主要挥发性活性物的来源与种类；第三，利用多通路和"H"嗅觉仪测试与分析芳香植物A挥发性活性物对苹果黄蚜趋向、繁殖力，异色瓢虫寻找寄主与捕食行为及其两者相互关系的作用效应。据此，初步揭示苹果园间作芳香植物对苹果黄蚜及异色瓢虫的生态调控机制。

中文关键词： 芳香植物；蚜虫；挥发性物质；趋避；诱集

英文摘要： Aromatic plant volatile secondary substances as information transfer materials play a crucial role on pests ecological regulation in orchard ecological system. Three aromatic plants, Satureja hortensis L., Tagetes patula L. and Ocimum basilicum L., were selected as intercrops and clean cultivation as control in apple orchards to test the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the population, the space distribution and temporal characteristics of spirea aphid and its natural enemy harmonia axyridis.The ecological relationships of spirea aphid and its natural enemy harmonia axyridis are analyzed, and the relationship of spirea aphid and its natural enemy harmonia axyridis dynamic model was established in different aromatic plants intrecropping plots. The differences were compared among different plots, and a most suitable aromatic plant specie was selected out to regulation the occurence of spirea aphid and its natural enemy harmonia axyridis on the basis of above results. The method of H S-SPME-GC-M S was used to separate, purify and identify of the volatile substances of aromatic plant (A) and fruit tree leaves before and after the aphids feeding. The source, type, properties and content of volatile substances of aromatic plant that have the role of regulation spirea aphid and its natural enemy harmonia axy

英文关键词： Aromatic plants；Aphids；Volatile substance；Repellency；Attractancy