乏燃料嬗变系统中液态金属的固态氧控与纯化的实验研究

项目名称： 乏燃料嬗变系统中液态金属的固态氧控与纯化的实验研究

项目编号： No.91326108

项目类型： 重大研究计划

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 牛风雷

作者单位： 华北电力大学

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 气态氧控（往液态铅或铅铋合金中注射氧气和氢气或者氢气与水蒸气的混合气体）是目前在铅冷快堆或ADS散裂中子靶件中通常采用的反腐蚀方法。然而，气态氧控存在传输率低、调节慢、过剩的氧气易造成氧化物残渣、乃至阻塞管路等问题。本项目从实验上研究目前公认最先进的固态氧控技术。它可以通过控制固态氧化铅的溶解与析出来快速调节液态金属中的氧浓度，并显著避免过多残渣的生成。这种方法非常有助于液态金属的纯化。一个包含氧化铅多孔介质的物质交换器将被设计出来并安装在铅铋回路中。实验将研究固态氧控的机理、动力学、计算模型、以及控制问题。借助实验数据推导出由液态金属流速、温度、以及氧化铅孔隙率等因素控制的固态氧化铅的溶解率与沉淀率的经验公式。通过本项目研究，可奠定新型氧控技术的应用基础，并为高温液态金属在乏燃料嬗变系统及铅或铅铋快堆中实现高效、清洁、可靠的运行做出重要贡献。

中文关键词： 固态氧控；纯化；铅铋合金；腐蚀；散裂中子靶

英文摘要： Gas phase oxygen control (i.e. direct injection of oxygen/hydrogen or hydrogen/steam mixtures into liquid lead or LBE) is a common anti-corrosion method used in lead cooled fast reactors or spallation neutron targets in ADS. However, it has low transfer and adjustment rates and may lead to slag deposition due to the excess of oxygen, and, therefore, pipe plugging. This project experimentally studies a state-of-the-art solid-phase oxygen control scheme which can achieve rapid adjustment of the oxygen concentration and significantly avoid excess slagging in the liquid metals. This method is very useful for purification of liquid metals. A mass exchanger filled with PbO porous medium will be designed and installed in a LBE test loop. The mechanism, kinetics, modeling, and control issues of the solid-phase oxygen control will be investigated. The empirical correlations of PbO dissolution rate and oxide precipitate rate controlled by the melt flow rate, temperature, and solid PbO porosity will be developed. This research will establish the bases for a novel oxygen control technology and contribute for the efficient, clean, and reliable performance of high temperature liquid metal in the spent fuel transmutation systems and lead/LBE cooled reactors.

英文关键词： Solid-Phase Oxygen Control；Purification；Lead Bismuth Eutectic；Corrosion；Spallation Neutron Target