破碎生境下欺骗性传粉植物黄花杓兰种群繁育系统与基因流研究

项目名称： 破碎生境下欺骗性传粉植物黄花杓兰种群繁育系统与基因流研究

项目编号： No.31200319

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生态学

项目作者： 胡世俊

作者单位： 西南林业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 兰科植物中约三分之一的种类为欺骗性传粉，黄花杓兰(Cypripedium flavum)为典型的欺骗性传粉植物，云南香格里拉的黄花杓兰种群遭受了严重的生境破碎化，调查发现黄花杓兰具克隆繁殖特性，花色具多态性，一些小居群的座果率很低。一般认为生境破碎会降低居群生殖成功、阻碍居群间基因流、增大近交，但文献报道欺骗性传粉能促进异交、促进远距离基因流，对生境破碎不敏感，维持一定大小、数量的小居群更有利于提高繁殖成功与基因流。因此，生境破碎如何影响黄花杓兰种群生存有待研究，项目以香格里拉破碎生境中的黄花杓兰种群为对象，研究：（1）生境破碎对传粉昆虫的种类、行为，雄性、雌性生殖成功的影响；（2）居群繁育系统的变化趋势，有性繁殖与无性繁殖间的平衡；（3）历史基因流与现实基因流模式、现实花粉流的距离、居群间空间遗传结构的差异。项目旨在揭示生境破碎对这类欺骗性传粉植物的繁殖及基因流的影响方式与机制。

中文关键词： 破碎生境；繁育系统；基因流；生殖；黄花杓兰

英文摘要： It has been estimated that one third of the orchids are deceptive. Cypripedium flavum is a typical deceptive pollination species. The populations of this species in Shangrila county has been severely fragmented in recent sixty years. This plant can reproduce clonally, varys in flower color, and has low fruit set based on our field investigation. It is generally thought that habitat fragmentation can affect reproduction success, reduce gene flow and increase inbreeding depression. But studies show that deceptive pollination can promote outcrossing and long distance gene flow, and this type of plant is not sensitive to habitat fragmentation. Studies show that it can improve reproductive success and gene flow to maintain a certain amount of small size populations. In this project, We plan to select several populations of C. flavum in Shangrila county as materials, and three aspects would be studied: First, the effects of habitat fragmentation on the amount and kinds of pollinators, pollinator actions and reproductive fitness of male and female. Second, the evolutionary trends of population mating systems and the balance between sexual and clone reproduction among the fragmented populations. Third, the patterns of history gene flow and current gene flow, the distance of current pollen flow and the differences of spa

英文关键词： fragmented habitat；mating system；gene flow；reproduction；Cypripedium flavum