深海热液区氨氧化微生物原位富集与功能分析

项目名称： 深海热液区氨氧化微生物原位富集与功能分析

项目编号： No.41506152

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王丽萍

作者单位： 自然资源部第三海洋研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 深海热液生态系统因其独特的理化性质，孕育了大量无机化能自养微生物，参与全球氮、碳、硫循环。氨氧化菌是一类重要的海洋微生物，在海洋氮循环方面发挥了重要作用。然而，由于氨氧化菌的难分离培养，迄今几乎没有深海来源的氨氧化微生物获得富集培养。本课题将首先利用高通量测序技术和实时定量PCR等分析深海热液生态系统中氨氧化微生物的多样性特征，在此基础上通过深海原位定植培养装置，获得氨氧化菌的原位富集物，为实现氨氧化微生物的分离培养创造条件，同时也为进一步阐释氨氧化微生物在深海热液环境的生理、代谢、环境适应机制等奠定基础。

中文关键词： 海洋微生物；深海热液区；氮循环；氨氧化微生物；原位富集

英文摘要： Deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments are important yet understudied component of marine microbial ecosystems, which inhabit numerous and diverse microbial populations participating in nitrogen, sulfur and carbon cycles. Ammonium-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) as well as anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have emerged as widespread and globally significant factors in the marine nitrogen cycle. Given the difficulty in culturing ammonium-oxidizing microbes, researches about the enrichment of these groups originating from deep sea haven’t yet been carried out. In this study, molecular biological approaches including Miseq sequencing and quantitative reverse-transcript PCR will be first used to determine the abundance and diversity of ammonium-oxidizing microbes in deep sea. Then, autonomous in situ colonization equipment will be employed in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, to obtain the enrichments of ammonium-oxidizing microbes in situ, which will provide the material for isolation of ammonium-oxidizing microbes in labs and will help to further elucidate questions about their physiology, metabolic functions as well as adaptation mechanisms in deep sea in the future.

英文关键词： marine microorganisms;deep-sea hydrothermal vent;nitrogen-cycling;Ammonium-oxidizing microorganism;in situ enrichment