高耐电性氧化锌陶瓷的微观机理和材料设计研究

项目名称： 高耐电性氧化锌陶瓷的微观机理和材料设计研究

项目编号： No.10876041

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 郑嘹赢

作者单位： 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所

项目金额： 40万元

中文摘要： 氧化锌半导体陶瓷变阻器是一种在特定温度下烧结的具有纳米晶界半导体效应的固态功能陶瓷器件，广泛应用于航空、航天、军民电站保护、抗电磁干扰等设备中。由于其非线性特性来源于Schotteky势垒的雪崩效应，陶瓷变阻器具有纳秒快响应特性和时间重复性，因此近年来成为尖端武器的外源中子点火系统和抗电磁干扰设备的关键部件。要求氧化锌陶瓷变阻器具有超高电位梯度、轻质、体积小。本项目针对超高耐压的氧化锌陶瓷变阻器的主要技术要求：快响应、超高梯度和大通流，开展高耐电性氧化锌陶瓷的微观机理和材料设计等基础研究。通过计算模拟和实验检验相结合的方法，研究了氧化锌晶粒和晶界物质的生长机理以及微观结构对击穿区非线性电导性能的影响。获得了对影响氧化锌陶瓷击穿电场的微观结构和物理机制的明确认识，给出了提高击穿电场强度的材料设计方案。获得了电位梯度高于30kV/cm的超高电位梯度陶瓷变阻器材料，具有重要的理论和应用价值。

中文关键词： 变阻器；电位梯度；超高耐压；非线性

英文摘要： Zinc oxide semiconductor ceramic varistor sintered at specific temperature is a kind of solid ceramics device with the semiconductor effect on nano- grain boundaries. These varistors are widely used to protecting the devices in aviation, aerospace, military and civilian power plant protection, and anti-electromagnetism interference equipment and so on. Due to its non-linear characteristics raised from Schotteky potential barrier avalanche effect, the ceramic varistor had fast response in nanosecond and excellent time repeatability. It becomes a key component in advanced weapons and anti-electromagnetism interference equipments in recent years. A high potential gradient, light weight and small size was requested for the zinc oxide ceramic varistors. The project carried out the basic researches on the microscopic mechanism and material design to the high voltage zinc oxide ceramic varistors. From the numerical simulations and experiments, the material growth mechanism and effects of microstructure on breakdown voltage were verified and the design scheme to improve the breakdown field were raised. Finally we obtained the ZnO ceramic varistors with the high gradient over 30 kV/cm and had important theoretical and practical value.

英文关键词： varistor; Potential gradient; Ultra high voltage; nonlinear