基于扰动波速散射理论的高分辨率SAR回波信号建模和应用

项目名称： 基于扰动波速散射理论的高分辨率SAR回波信号建模和应用

项目编号： No.61301187

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 孙兵

作者单位： 北京航空航天大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 高分辨率合成孔径雷达（SAR）需要发射大时宽、宽频带的脉冲信号来实现距离向的高分辨，SAR 回波信号模型及成像算法的窄带前提不再适用，信号模型问题已经成为宽带/超宽带高分SAR 系统图像质量提升的技术瓶颈之一，因此亟待回归基础理论，深入研究更为精确的回波信号模型和成像处理算法。本项目基于波速扰动散射理论，利用标量麦克斯韦偏微分方程工具，研究目标散射函数对应的散射场，推导适用于宽带/超宽带高分辨率 SAR的高精度通用 SAR 回波信号模型，并研究基于形式伴随算子理论的目标散射函数的重构方法。在此基础上针对宽带/超宽带高分辨率SAR应用，提出综合高精度回波信号模型与经典成像算法思想的优化改进算法。本项目提出的高精度通用SAR回波信号模型和成像反演算法将改善现有模型的精度和通用性，为提升高分辨率SAR图像质量提供理论基础和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 合成孔径雷达；信号模型；成像算法；逆散射；压缩感知

英文摘要： Wide time-width and bandwidth pulse signals are transmitted in high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems for high range resolution. But the narrow-bandwidth signal condition, which is the base of the current echo signal models and imaging algorithms, is not satisfied, and the echo signal models and the corresponding algorithms are becoming one of the technical bottlenecks for improving SAR image quality of wide and width and ultra wide-bandwidth SAR systems. So the more precise echo model and imaging algorithms should be derived from the basic theory. This project plans to derive the radar scatter field model of targets' scattering function according to the perturbated wave speed scattering theory and the partial differential Maxwell's equations method. The radar echo signal expressions for wide and ultra-wide SAR are derived, and the general imaging operators are investigated to construct the scattering function according to the formal adjoint operator theory. Based on the echo model and the imaging operation, optimization algorithm, which Synthesizes the high accurate echo signal model and the core of the classic image information algrithm, for wide and ultra-wide high resolution application is presented. The signal echo model and imaging algorithm based on the perturbated wave speed scattering th

英文关键词： Synthetic aperture radar；signal model；imaging algorithm；inverse scattering；compressive sensing