水稻土中五氯酚还原与矿化的微生物代谢机制

项目名称： 水稻土中五氯酚还原与矿化的微生物代谢机制

项目编号： No.41301538

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 陈曼佳

作者单位： 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 五氯酚是一种高毒、难降解有机氯污染物，如何消除土壤中的五氯酚已成为亟需解决的环境问题。微生物作用下的还原与矿化过程是水稻土中五氯酚消除的重要途径。本项目以珠三角花岗岩、浅海沉积物、三角洲冲积物发育的三类典型水稻土作为研究对象，采用基于DNA/RNA稳定性同位素探针技术结合高通量测序技术，从群落结构、功能微生物及其活性三个层面，研究厌氧条件下五氯酚还原和矿化过程中微生物群落物种组成、系统发育多样性、功能微生物、功能基因及其活性的演变，阐明水稻土中五氯酚的微生物代谢机制，为深入理解水稻土中五氯酚的环境行为提供依据，同时为污染水稻土的可持续利用提供技术支持。本研究的创新点在于：在物种组成及活性两个水平上分析五氯酚还原和矿化微生物学机制；以RNA水平上物种的相对活性为指标，阐明不同微生物类群在五氯酚还原和矿化过程中的贡献；丰富了土壤芳香族有机氯污染物生物代谢机制的研究。

中文关键词： 五氯酚；还原脱氯；矿化；微生物代谢；稳定性同位素

英文摘要： Pentachlorophenol is one of highly toxic and persistent POPs. Effective removal of PCP has became one worldwide environmental problem and challenge which has been paid urgent attention and should be resolved as soon as possible. Reduction and mineralization driven by microbes are the important way to elimination of pentachlorophenol in paddy soil. This application uses three typical of paddy soil (granite, shallow sea sediments and delta alluvial ) in the Pearl River Delta as the research objects, employing ribosomal barcoding pyrosequencing of DNA/RNA with 13C stable isotope probing, to explore the microbial community structure, phylogenetic diversity, functional bacteria, functional gene and activity evolution in the process of the reduction and mineralization of PCP under anaerobic condition. This work will explore the microbial reduction and mineralization mechanism of PCP in the paddy soil, deeply understand the environment behavior of PCP in the paddy soil, and provide technical support for the sustainable use of polluted paddy soil.This innovation is characterize species relative activity with corresponding 16S rRNA gene ratio of pyrosequencing sequences above DNA/RNA level, which helps to explore the contribution of different microbial taxa in the process of reduction and mineralization of PCP. This work

英文关键词： pentachlorophenol；reductive dechlorination；mineralization；microbial metabolization；stable isotope probing