非均匀流场中鱼类运动行为和力学特性研究

项目名称： 非均匀流场中鱼类运动行为和力学特性研究

项目编号： No.51479007

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 其他

项目作者： 王思莹

作者单位： 武汉理工大学

项目金额： 84万元

中文摘要： 不同流场环境中各种鱼类的生活习性及运动形态对枢纽生态调度、鱼道设计和仿生应用等都有重要的参考价值。鱼类运动包含了外力作用造成的被动变形和鱼体主动控制运动两部分。申请人的青年基金项目非均匀流场中柔性体与流体耦合运动的数值模拟研究对被动变形的无生命柔性体在卡门涡街和近壁流等非均匀流场中的耦合运动机制和力学特性进行了深入研究，为鱼类被动变形的研究打下了基础。 本项目拟在三种典型非均匀流场中开展鱼类游动试验，对鱼类运动行为进行观测，并根据试验所得的运动变形信息计算流场中鱼体运动的力学特性。结合无生命柔性物体流固耦合运动和力学性能的研究，揭示流场参数对主动和被动变形柔性物体流固耦合运动机制的作用规律；通过对比分析具有主动控制能力的鱼游运动与完全被动变形的柔性体流固耦合运动和受力的异同，归纳鱼类对流场参数的趋避习性。在此基础上探讨诱导鱼类运动的原理和方式，为新型鱼道设计和仿生应用开拓思路。

中文关键词： 鱼游；运动行为；力学特性；非均匀流；流固耦合

英文摘要： The life habits and kinematic performances of fishes in different flow environments have significant reference value to the ecological regulation of hydropower projects, design of fish-way, and bionic application. Fish swimming is composed of the passive deformation caused by external forces and active movement controled by the fish. In our privious projectNumerical simulation study on fluid-flexible-body interaction in nonuniform flow, the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the coupling motion of lifeless flexible bodies in nonuniform flow fields such as Karman Vortex street and near-wall flow are deeply studied, which have made good basis for the research in the passive deformation of fish swimming in this project. This proposal intents to conduct fish swimming experiments in three typical nonuniform flow environments, observe the kinematic performance in experiments and calculate the dynamic characteristics through numerical simultion based the obtained deformation and kinematic information.In addition of the same study on fluid-soild interaction motion of lifeless flexible bodies, the action laws of flow parameters on the coupling mechanism of active and passive flexible projects will be revealed.Moreover, the endency and evading habits of fish to flow parameters will also be summarized through contrastive analysis of the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of active fish swimming and passive deformation of flexible bodies.On this basis, then the principle and method to guide fish motion will be explored and novel fish way design and bionic application could be exploited.

英文关键词： fish swimming;kinematic;dynamic;nonuniform flow;fluid-soild interaction