基于仿珊瑚结构纳米材料的饮用水中重金属离子快速深度净化及其吸附机制研究

项目名称： 基于仿珊瑚结构纳米材料的饮用水中重金属离子快速深度净化及其吸附机制研究

项目编号： No.21277146

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 环境科学、安全科学

项目作者： 刘锦淮

作者单位： 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 我国对于农村、矿区饮用水和突发重金属离子污染地区的饮用水快速深度净化具有迫切的需求。纳米材料在流动水体条件下净化饮用水的吸附效率高、操作简单，然而却存在两个问题：（1）常规结构纳米材料的小尺寸导致材料之间剩余空间狭小易阻碍水体流动以及纳米材料结构稳定性不足会冲刷脱落进入饮用水中；（2）水体流动条件下，纳米材料吸附水中污染物的快速深度净化机制尚不清晰，限制了从理论上指导新型纳米净水材料的设计及其实用性探索。本项目将仿生学与纳米材料学相互交叉融合，研究基于一种仿珊瑚结构纳米复合材料快速深度净化饮用水中重金属离子的方法，探索纳米材料的形貌调控机制及其功能化，挖掘仿珊瑚结构对水体流动特性的作用规律，研究仿珊瑚结构纳米材料对重金属离子的吸附特性与机制，推动仿珊瑚结构纳米材料快速深度吸附净化饮用水的实用化，为发展适用于农村、矿区和突发重金属离子污染地区饮用水快速深度净化的有效方法奠定基础。

中文关键词： 饮用水；纳米吸附剂；仿生结构；重金属离子；吸附容量

英文摘要： Fast and deep-leveled purification of drinking water in rural areas, diggings and some regions in which the heavy metal ions pollution happens suddenly is highly-desired in our country. Under a condition that the water is in a flowing state, the nanomaterials-based purification of drinking water is characterized by high adsorbing efficiency and simple operation. However, it still remains two important issues. One is that the flowing water would be counteracted by some conventional structured nanomaterials because of the narrow space caused by the small size of nanomaterials. Besides, some of the unstable nanomaterials would be destroyed and dispersed into water due to the impact of water flow. Another issue is that the fast and deep-leveled adsorbing mechanism of nanomaterials under a condition of flowing water is still unclear, which greatly confines the theoretic guidance towards the design and application investigation of novel nanostructures for water purification. In this investigation, bionics and nanomaterial science will be combined tightly. An effective method for fast and deep-leveled removal of heavy metal ions in drinking water on the basis of coral-like nanocomposites will be built up. Moreover, our study will also contain the controlling approach of the morphology and the functionalization of nanom

英文关键词： Drinking water；Nanoadsorbent；Biomimetic structure；Heavy metal ion；Adsorption capacity