异化金属还原菌自组装合成磁性石墨烯复合材料促进生物还原难降解污染物研究

项目名称： 异化金属还原菌自组装合成磁性石墨烯复合材料促进生物还原难降解污染物研究

项目编号： No.51478076

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 其他

项目作者： 柳广飞

作者单位： 大连理工大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 异化金属还原菌(DMRB)能够环境友好地合成多种纳米材料，而化学法合成的纳米材料可有效地参与并促进细菌的胞外电子传递。基于上述研究进展，本课题提出利用DMRB自组装合成由细菌细胞与还原氧化石墨烯、聚苯胺和Fe3O4等纳米材料共同构成的具有优良导电性和生物介导还原活性且可回收复用的磁性石墨烯复合材料，并利用复合材料促进DMRB和活性污泥还原硝基芳烃等难降解污染物。通过对材料的物理、化学和电化学性质表征，以及对与材料相互作用的DMRB和活性污泥等生物体系的分子生物学和分子生态学研究，优化并建立可控的生物合成纳米复合材料方法，探讨复合材料自组装合成机制及各组分在电子传导和介导还原中的作用，揭示微生物细胞合成和利用复合材料进行胞外电子传递的分子机理，深化对纳米材料参与微生物胞外电子传递和影响污染物生物转化的认识，为推动生物纳米技术在环境领域的应用提供理论和技术基础。

中文关键词： 异化金属还原菌；胞外电子传递；希瓦氏菌；石墨烯；氧化还原介体

英文摘要： Dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB) can biologically synthesize many kinds of nanomaterials under environment-friendly conditions. On the other hand, chemically synthesized nanomaterials were found to be capable of effectively participating in and improving extracellular electron transfer of bacterial cells. Based on the above progress, the applicant here proposes a novel way of self-organized synthesis of magnetic graphene composites by DMRB. The composites containing DMRB cells, reduced graphene oxide, nanoscale polyaniline and Fe3O4 would have good electrical conductivity, bio-redox mediating activity and be magnetically recoverable for reuse. The composites would facilitate the reductive biotransformation of nitroaromatics and other recalcitrant pollutants by DMRB or activated sludge. Through characterization of physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of the composites, and analyses of biological systems interacted with the composites by molecular biology and molecular ecology methods, it would be possible to optimize and develop controllable methods for biological synthesis of nanocomposites, explore mechanisms of self-organized synthesis of nanomaterials, probe potential roles of different components in electron transfer and mediated reduction. The proposed research would improve our understanding of the involvement of nanomaterials in microbial extracellular electron transfer and pollutants biotransformation. It is hoped that this would lay the theoretical and technical foundation to facilitate the application of bionanotechnology in environmental engineering.

英文关键词： Dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria;Extracellular electron transfer;Shewanella;Graphene;Redox mediator