Simulation of Crowd Egress with Environmental Stressors

This article presents a modeling framework to characterize evacuees' response to environmental stimuli during emergency egress, especially in fire and smoke condition. The model is developed in consistency with stress theory, which explains how an organism reacts to environmental stressors. We integrate the theory into the well-known social-force model and apply the method to simulate crowd evacuation behavior in building emergency egress. The algorithm has been tested in FDS+EVAC.