High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) enhances information efficiency and noise tolerance by encoding data in large Hilbert spaces. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light provides a scalable basis for such encoding and supports high-dimensional photonic communication. Practical OAM-based implementations remain constrained by challenges in state generation, transmission, and detection. This survey offers a consolidated overview of OAM-encoded HD-QKD, outlining fundamental principles, representative experiments, and system-level limitations. Recent progress in hybrid encodings, mode sorting, adaptive optics, and TF, CV, MDI, and DI frameworks is summarized with emphasis on practical feasibility.
翻译：高维量子密钥分发（HD-QKD）通过在更大的希尔伯特空间中编码数据，提升了信息效率和噪声容忍度。光的轨道角动量（OAM）为此类编码提供了可扩展的基矢，并支持高维光子通信。然而，基于OAM的实际实现仍受限于态生成、传输和检测等方面的挑战。本综述系统梳理了OAM编码的HD-QKD，阐述了其基本原理、代表性实验以及系统级局限性，并总结了混合编码、模式分选、自适应光学以及TF、CV、MDI和DI框架等方向的最新进展，重点关注其实际可行性。
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