内团体贬低的进化

项目名称： 内团体贬低的进化

项目编号： No.31300870

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 医药、卫生

项目作者： 吴奇

作者单位： 湖南师范大学

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 内团体贬低指的是人们"喜欢外人"胜过"喜欢自己人"的奇怪现象。到目前为止，社会心理学家对这一反直觉的现象还没能做出让人满意的解释。在进化的层面上，这一现象更是让人费解的，因为它似乎直接违反了生物趋利避害的生存规则。本项目提出内团体贬低的进化假说，认为内团体贬低是有机体对内团体成员带来的生存安全威胁和疾病威胁过大的特殊情境的适应，它跟群际偏差共享同一威胁管理机制，并将根据内团体和外团体具体的威胁水平来调整自身的激活。通过综合利用计算机模拟和心理学行为实验的研究方法，本项目分别对生存安全威胁、疾病威胁以及这两种因素的交互作用对内团体贬低的进化的影响进行研究，以对本项目提出的内团体贬低的进化假说进行系统检验。项目研究成果将增进研究者对内团体贬低的本质的认识，深化人们对群体关系形成条件及其互动过程的理解，对改善群体的交流与合作、消除社会中存在的对"外人"和"自己人"的歧视与偏见有理论指导作用。

中文关键词： 内团体贬低；进化；Penna模型；生存安全威胁；疾病威胁

英文摘要： Ingroup derogation is a preference and affinity for out-group members over in-group members. This strange phenomenon remains an elusive paradox haunting the periphery of social psychology. As a counterintuitive phenomenon that apparently contradicts both expert and lay beliefs, this anti-us tendency has received relative little emprical investigation and inadequate explanation. From the evlutionary perspective, ingroup derogation is even impossible to occur.It should be selected against rather than favored by natural selection. In this project, we propose a novel evolutionary theory to explain the orgin of ingroup derogation. Specifically, we propose that ingroup derogation is an adaptation to a special evolutionary condition, in which the survival safety threat and diease threat posed by one's ingroup members are higher than one's outgroup members. To verify this novel hypothesis, a composite research framework is utilized by this project, in which the merits from computer simulation methods are combined with the merits from psychological behavioral experiments. The results of these studies will help us to gain insights into the nature of ingroup derogation, and will have profound implications for those interventions designed to improve the interactions between or within groups.

英文关键词： ingroup derogation；evolution；Penna model；survival safety threat；disease threat