三种不同高盐环境中嗜盐古菌物种多样性比较研究

项目名称： 三种不同高盐环境中嗜盐古菌物种多样性比较研究

项目编号： No.31460003

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 陈绍兴

作者单位： 红河学院

项目金额： 47万元

中文摘要： 高盐环境属于极端环境，其中蕴藏着丰富的生物资源，嗜盐古菌即是其中重要的生物类群之一，在医药和化工等领域具有广泛的应用前景。在不同地理来源的高盐环境（如盐矿、盐湖和盐土）中，嗜盐古菌物种多样性组成如何，是否存在着显著差异？这种物种多样性差异是如何形成的？本项目拟以盐矿、盐湖及盐土中的嗜盐古菌为材料，采用16S rRNA基因单独测序或克隆库大量测序技术分别对纯培养物和免培养获得的环境总DNA进行研究，分析对比三种高盐环境中嗜盐古菌的物种多样性，揭示嗜盐古菌的物种多样性差异与各高盐环境的关系，解析不同高盐环境中影响嗜盐古菌物种多样性组成的主要因子，探讨不同高盐环境中嗜盐古菌的物种多样性差异和地理分布格局形成的可能原因。本研究对于揭示生境异质化对嗜盐古菌物种多样性形成的影响、对认识嗜盐古菌的物种演化及对嗜盐古菌的资源开发等，具有较重要的科学意义。

中文关键词： 嗜盐古菌；高盐环境；物种多样性；生物地理；古菌

英文摘要： Hypersaline environments are typical extreme habitats, which harbor unique biological resources. Species of haloarchaea, living in hypersaline environments, have been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical and other fields. Why are there so many different and common species haloarchaeal species among different types of hypersaline environments, namely salt mine, salt lake and saline? What are the key factors regulating the composition of haloarchaeal species in such environments? This project intends to collect samples with haloarchaea from different salt mines, salt lakes and salines in China. The 16S rRNA gene of the pure cultures and the total environmental DNA will be analyzed using individual sequencing or clone library sequencing, respectively. Comparison of the haloarchaeal species diversity among three types of hypersaline environments will be conducted in order to elucidate the relationship between the haloarchaeal species diversity and different types of hypersaline environments. The key factors affecting the composition of haloarchaeal species diversity will be figured out, which will helps us to understand the possible causes affecting the biogeographic distribution patterns of haloarchaeal species diversity. This study will shed some important light on whether habitat heterogeneity is beneficial to the increase of species diversity in different types of hypersaline environments, and exploring the evolution and application of haloarchaeal species.

英文关键词： Haloarchaea;Hypersaline environment;Species diversity;Biogeography;Archaea