2~6岁汉语儿童早期书写能力的发展：书写与绘画、汉字书写与英文书写比较研究

项目名称： 2~6岁汉语儿童早期书写能力的发展：书写与绘画、汉字书写与英文书写比较研究

项目编号： No.30800305

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 轻工业、手工业

项目作者： 尹莉

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 18万元

中文摘要： 研究显示，儿童早期文字视觉形态意识与未来读写能力显著相关，早期书写质量对未来阅读具有显著预测作用（National Early Literacy Panel，2008）。迄今为止，没有一项实证研究考察汉语儿童书写能力的早期发展，本项目填补了这一空白，在1）汉语儿童早期文字与图画的区分、2） 汉语儿童早期姓名书写的发展、3）汉语儿童早期文字环境的量化研究及关注测查等三方面取得了一些原创发现，并在国际SSCI核心期刊及国内核心刊物上发表。例如：1）汉语儿童从2岁起便能区分文字与图画的视觉形态特征，并能以成人可识别的方式在作品中体现出来，比西方研究中3-4岁作为文字形态意识起点的观点早了一年之久；2）汉语儿童的姓名书写体现了早期书写发展的特质性和普遍性特征，3岁汉语儿童虽然不能正确书写姓名，但其作品可以被成人高于几率水平地与单字书写作品区分开来，并且成人可以辨别其书写目标是该童自己的名字而不是他人的名字。3岁儿童的姓名书写作品体现出汉语姓名书写的独特形态特征。本项目深入揭示了汉语儿童早期书写能力发展的特点和规律，为未来探索其与读写能力发展的关系尤其对读写困难儿童的早期鉴别研究奠定了良好基础。

中文关键词： 早期书写；文字与绘画；姓名书写；汉语儿童；学前

英文摘要： Early knowledge about the characteristics of writing has been found to be related to later development of conventional literacy (e.g. National Early Literacy Panel, 2008; Tunmer, herriman, & Nesdale, 1988). To date, no study has been conducted to investigate the early development of writing in Chinese children. This project filled in this blank by systematically examining (1) Early differentiation between drawing and writing in Chinese children, (2) Early development of name writing in Chinese children, and (3) Relationship between early knowledge about writing and the print environment. The original findings obtained from these studies were published in SSCI journals as well as core journals in China. For example, we found that in judging the status of children's productions as writings or drawings, Chinese adults performed significantly above the level expected chance even with the productions of 2 year olds. Although the younger children's scribbles bore little resemblance to the correct characters, they exhibited conventional features distinguishing writings and drawings as appreciated by adults. 2) Three-year-old Chinese never wrote their names conventionally, but Chinese adults performed above the level of chance in judging the name as name as opposed to single-character word, and were also above chance in determining whether it was the intended name or another name. The 3 year olds' name productions exhibit features of printed names in Chinese, as appreciated conventionally by adults. This project provides the first empirical evidence to unveil the early writing development in Chinese children and serves as a solid foundation for future investigations of the relationship between early writing and later literacy skills, especially for the early identification of children who are at risk for later reading and writing difficulties.

英文关键词： early writing development;writing and drawing; name writing; Chinese preschool children