基于驾驶员视觉特性的沙漠草原公路长直线段对行车安全影响研究

项目名称： 基于驾驶员视觉特性的沙漠草原公路长直线段对行车安全影响研究

项目编号： No.51468051

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 建筑环境与结构工程学科

项目作者： 王芳

作者单位： 宁夏大学

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 项目针对沙漠草原公路长直线路事故率高且我国《公路路线设计标准》未对直线段最大长度明确界定的实际，以数据分析和建模为手段，考虑驾驶员在行车过程中视觉搜索、视觉信息负荷和累积视觉疲劳影响，通过对行车过程眼动参数的采集、视觉兴趣区模型和视觉信息量模型的建立，首先分析单位时间视觉兴趣面积和单位时间视觉兴趣区重心坐标微观变化，确定长直线段对驾驶员视觉搜索稳定性影响机理；其次，分析瞳孔直径近似熵与视觉信息量关系模型，确定长直线段对驾驶员视觉信息负荷影响机理；再次，确定随时间累积和线形累积的单位时间视觉兴趣区指标变化和瞳孔直径近似熵与视觉信息量关系模型变化，确定长直线段对视觉疲劳累积的影响机理；最后，通过应用极值定理和拉格朗日中值定理对相关模型分析，确定公路长直线段长度、后接平曲线半径和直线段线形比例和分布，为沙漠草原公路线指标的修订和公路路线安全评价标准提供依据。

中文关键词： 长直线；行车安全；视觉特性；视觉搜索；视觉信息

英文摘要： According to traffic accident data, the influence of the long straight line segment on driving safety is unignorable. Especially for desert steppe area, highway design often use straight segment because of its' gentle slope.But traffic accidents will be caused by long straight line segment more easily because of the monotonous landscape of desert steppe region. In China, Design Specification for Highway Alignment fail to makes clear definition for the maximum straight line length on the highway. Aiming to the effect of long straight section of desert steppe road on drivers visual characteristics ,which including visual search features, visual information load and visual fatigue, this research was carried through on the basis of analyzing data collected in drivers' driving tests as well as models building. Firstly , drivers' eye movement data and driving data are obtained by driving tests.Secondly, modeling of visual interest areas and visual information content are built.Thirdly ,the changes of unit time visual interest area and relation model between pupil diameter approximate entropy and visual information content are be analyzed in the microscopic scales. Finally, the changes of unit time visual interest area index and relation model between pupil diameter approximate entropy and visual information content with time accumulation and alignment condition accumulation are be analyzed in the macroscopic scales. Based on the analysis above, the influence mechanism of long straight line segment on visual search features, visual information load and visual fatigue can be obtained, and corresponding values of stright segment length for desert steppe highway can be confirmed using extreme value theorem and Lagrange mean value theorem.Above all ,this research can provides evidence for highway alignment design.

英文关键词： Long Straight Line;Driving Safety;Visual Characteristics;Visual Search;Visual Information