改性生物质炭基吸附材料制备及选择吸附重金属离子的机理研究

项目名称： 改性生物质炭基吸附材料制备及选择吸附重金属离子的机理研究

项目编号： No.51208323

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 建筑环境与结构工程学科

项目作者： 陈尧

作者单位： 四川大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 以城市污泥为原料，通过负载不同比例的金属组分和天然矿物材料共混制备新型改性生物质炭基吸附材料，研究各种活性组分（MnO2、Fe2O3、MgO、Al2O3等）在生物质炭基吸附剂制备工艺过程中的催化作用和协同作用，探讨不同活性组分对吸附材料的孔隙结构和表面化学特性的影响变化规律，确立天然矿物材料对生物质吸附剂吸附性能的优化调控机制；通过生物质吸附剂的重金属吸附实验，以Pb（II），Cu（II），Ni（II），Cd（II）为代表污染物，进行重金属离子的单一和竞争吸附能力的研究，考察改性吸附剂的孔径结构及表面化学性质对重金属离子的选择吸附规律和去除机理；分析改性生物质炭基吸附剂的选择吸附性能，并研究富集回收重金属的可行性，为重金属工业废水的处理和重金属的回收利用提供技术支持。该课题既为重金属废水的治理提供了高效经济的吸附材料，也为资源化利用城市污泥开辟了新思路，具有重要的现实意义。

中文关键词： 城市污泥；重金属；改性；吸附处理；制备工艺

英文摘要： The objective of this project is to develop a surface-modified adsorbent with enhanced capacity for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. A new modified biomass-based activated carbon was developed from municipal sewage sludge using different metallic compounds and natural minerals as additives. The catalytic effects and synergistic reactions caused by the active components, MnO2, Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, et. al., during the adsorbent preparation were studied and discussed. The impact of those active components on the pore structure and surface chemical properties of the modified biomass-based adsorbent was investigated and determined. Then the adjustment and control mechanism of the nature minerals were established and optimized. Batch experiments were carried out using synthetical wastewater with Pb（II），Cu（II），Ni（II），Cd（II）ions, including single-ion solution systems for each metal adsorption and multi-ions solution system for competitive adsorption. The inner structure and surface function groups of the adsorbent were analyzed, and the adsorption selectivity in multi-ions solution was discussed for further understanding the adsorption affinities of the modified adsorbents. Exhausted activated carbons were regenerated and the feasibility of adsorbed metals desorption, enrichment and reusing were also

英文关键词： Sewage sludge；Heavy metal；Modification；Adsorption；Preparation