过量氮输入导致的土壤酸化对小麦碳、氮代谢影响机制研究

项目名称： 过量氮输入导致的土壤酸化对小麦碳、氮代谢影响机制研究

项目编号： No.41501262

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 刘廷武

作者单位： 淮阴师范学院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 近年来，土壤酸化问题已经成为危害我国农业发展的重要环境因素，且多项研究都证实氮素的过度使用是土壤酸化的最主要原因，因此，研究植物在氮素过量输入导致的土壤酸化情况下植物的响应机制有重要意义。然而，国内外学者大多专注于酸化后土壤本身的理化性质及变化规律，或是生态影响方面的研究，对植物本身的调控机制关注较少。本课题拟以广泛种植的小麦为材料，通过野外大田控制施氮实验结合室内模拟实验，应用常规生理学手段，非损伤微测技术、iTRAQ技术等实验手段，从生理-蛋白等多个层次探讨酸化环境下的植物应答机制。研究内容包括植株根系对氮素元素的在酸化条件下的实时吸收速率，光合及叶绿素荧光特征，不同氮素及pH环境下的植物体蛋白表达变化等。本课题力求揭示酸化环境下植物体碳氮代谢途径上的调控网络，筛选出初级代谢中响应酸化环境的关键蛋白，并明确其表达方式，为缓解土壤酸化对植物的危害作用提供理论基础。

中文关键词： 分子生物学；蛋白组学；环境响应与适应；土壤酸化；生物信息学

英文摘要： Recently, soil acidification has become one of the most important factors which impeded the development of agriculture in China. Most studies have found excess nitrogen inputting was the prime criminal of soil acidification. Thus, the studies on the mechanisms of carbon and nitrogen metabolism responded to soil acidification leaded by excess N inputting are especially important. However, most studies are focus on the character of physicochemical property in the soil itself while exposed to acidic condition. Otherwise, the study on plant responded to acidic condition were most in ecology or physiology levels, rare reports paid attention to the regulation mechanism in molecular level. Thus, in this project, we used the wheat which wildly plants in China to investigate the multifaceted mechanism in physiology-protein levels of plant responded to soil acidification combined field and laboratory experiments. Through using a series of novel techniques, such as Non-invasive Micro-test Technique and iTRAQ et al, we tend to research the nitrogen accumulating rate in the root, the characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as the protein and gene expression in acidic condition. We try to select the key factor in N and C metabolism and establish a network in plant responsive to soil acidification after this study. This project is also important for the breeding which have high tolerance to acidic condition.

英文关键词： molecular biology;proteomics;the response mechanism of stress;soil acidification;bioinformatics